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1. GDA-61 Paul Dans & Steven Groves The Project 2025 Advisory Board Alabama Policy Institute Alliance Defending Freedom American Compass The American Conservative America First Legal Foundation American Accountability Foundation American Center for Law and Justice American Cornerstone Institute American Council of Trustees and Alumni American Legislative Exchange Council The American Main Street Initiative American Moment American Principles Project Center for Equal Opportunity Center for Family and Human Rights Center for Immigration Studies Center for Renewing America Claremont Institute Coalition for a Prosperous America Competitive Enterprise Institute Conservative Partnership Institute Concerned Women for America Defense of Freedom Institute Ethics and Public Policy Center Family Policy Alliance Family Research Council First Liberty Institute Forge Leadership Network Foundation for Defense of Democracies Foundation for Government Accountability FreedomWorks The Heritage Foundation Hillsdale College Honest Elections Project Independent Women's Forum Institute for the American Worker Institute for Energy Research Institute for Women's Health Intercollegiate Studies Institute James Madison Institute Keystone Policy The Leadership Institute Liberty University National Association of Scholars National Center for Public Policy Research Pacific Research Institute Patrick Henry College Personnel Policy Operations Recovery for America Now Foundation 1792 Exchange Susan B. .

2. GDA-95 l Pillar III is the Presidential Administration Academy, an online educational system taught by experts from our coalition. .

3. GDA-114 Burke is Director of the Center for Education Policy at The Heritage Foundation. .

4. GDA-115 Burke served on Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin's transition steering committee and landing team for education. .

5. GDA-116 She serves on the Board of Visitors for George Mason University, the board of the Educational Freedom Institute, and the advisory board of the Independent Women's Forum's Education Freedom Center. .

6. GDA-117 Dr. Burke's research has been published in such journals as Social Science Quarterly, Educational Research and Evaluation, and Research in Educational Administration and Leadership. .

7. GDA-147 Born in Detroit to a single mother with a third-grade education, Dr. .

8. GDA-148 Carson was raised to love reading and education. .

9. GDA-198 Jennifer Hazelton has worked as a senior strategic consultant for the Department of Defense in Industrial Base Policy and has held senior positions at USAID, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the State Department. .

10. GDA-223 Secretary of Defense, Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Combating Terrorism, and Senior Director for Counterterrorism and Transnational Threats at the National Security Council. .

11. GDA-224 Before his civilian service in the Department of Defense, Miller was an Army Green Beret in the 5th Special Forces Group with multiple combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, achieving the rank of colonel. .

12. GDA-241 He was the West Wing's chief China hawk and trade czar and served as Director of the Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy and Defense Production Act Policy Coordinator. .

13. GDA-265 Department of State from 2018 to 2019 and was a member of the Defense Business Board at the U.S. .

14. GDA-266 Department of Defense in 2020. .

15. GDA-298 Paul served in both the Biden and Trump Administrations for three terms as the Chair of the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board that oversees the Fulbright program and educational exchanges sponsored by the Department of State. .

16. GDA-316 Anthony Pro-Life America Brad Bishop, American Cornerstone Institute Willis Bixby, WWBX, LLC Josh Blackman, South Texas College of Law Jim Blew, Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies Robert Bortins, Classical Conversations Rachel Bovard, Conservative Partnership Institute Robert Bowes Matt Bowman, Alliance Defending Freedom Steven G. .

17. GDA-322 Eitel, Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies Will Estrada, Parents Rights Foundation Jon Feere, Center for Immigration Studies Baruch Feigenbaum, Reason Foundation Travis Fisher, The Heritage Foundation George Fishman, Center for Immigration Studies Leslie Ford, The Heritage Foundation Aharon Friedman, Federal Policy Group Bruce Frohnen, Ohio Northern University College of Law Joel Frushone, Ernst & Young Finch Fulton Diana Furchtgott-Roth, The Heritage Foundation Caleigh Gabel, American Cornerstone Institute Christopher Gacek, Family Research Council Alexandra Gaiser, River Financial Inc. .

18. GDA-325 Gore, Defense Forum Foundation David Gortler, Ethics and Public Policy Center Brian Gottstein, The Heritage Foundation Dan Greenberg, Competitive Enterprise Institute Rob Greenway, Hudson Institute Rachel Greszler, The Heritage Foundation DJ Gribbin, Madrus Consulting Garrison Grisedale, American Cornerstone Institute Joseph Grogan, USC Schaeffer School for Health Policy and Economics Andrew Guernsey Jeffrey Gunter, Republican Jewish Coalition Joe Guy, Club for Growth Joseph Guzman Amalia Halikias, The Heritage Foundation Gene Hamilton, America First Legal Foundation Richard Hanania, Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology Simon Hankinson, The Heritage Foundation David Harlow Derek Harvey, Office of Congressman Devin Nunes Jason Hayes, Mackinac Center for Public Policy Jennifer Hazelton Lou Heinzer Edie Heipel Troup Hemenway, Personnel Policy Operations Nathan Hitchen, Equal Rights Institute Pete Hoekstra Gabriella Hoffman, Independent Women's Forum Tom Homan, The Heritage Foundation Chris Horner Mike Howell, The Heritage Foundation Valerie Huber, The Institute for Women's Health Andrew Hughes, American Cornerstone Institute Joseph Humire, Center for a Secure Free Society Christopher Iacovella, American Securities Association Melanie Israel, The Heritage Foundation Ken Ivory, Utah House of Representatives Roman Jankowski, The Heritage Foundation Abby Jones Emilie Kao, Alliance Defending Freedom Jared M. .

19. GDA-394 PROMISE #1: RESTORE THE FAMILY AS THE CENTERPIECE OF AMERICAN LIFE AND PROTECT OUR CHILDREN. .

20. GDA-434 In our schools, the question of parental authority over their children's education is a simple one: Schools serve parents, not the other way around. .

21. GDA-457 PROMISE #2: DISMANTLE THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE AND RETURN SELF-GOVERNANCE TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. .

22. GDA-487 l A combination of elected and unelected bureaucrats at the Environmental Protection Agency quietly strangles domestic energy production through difficult-to-understand rulemaking processes; l Bureaucrats at the Department of Homeland Security, following the lead of a feckless Administration, order border and immigration enforcement agencies to help migrants criminally enter our country with impunity; l Bureaucrats at the Department of Education inject racist, anti-American, ahistorical propaganda into America's classrooms; l Bureaucrats at the Department of Justice force school districts to undermine girls' sports and parents' rights to satisfy transgender extremists; l Woke bureaucrats at the Pentagon force troops to attend "training" seminars about "white privilege"; and l Bureaucrats at the State Department infuse U.S. .

23. GDA-506 Finally, the President can restore public confidence and accountability to our most important government function of all: national defense. .

24. GDA-515 PROMISE #3: DEFEND OUR NATION'S SOVEREIGNTY, BORDERS, AND BOUNTY AGAINST GLOBAL THREATS. .

25. GDA-584 Through the CCP's Confucius Institutes, Beijing has been just as successful at compromising and coopting our higher education system as they have at compromising and coopting corporate America. .

26. GDA-606 PROMISE #4 SECURE OUR GOD-GIVEN INDIVIDUAL RIGHT TO ENJOY "THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY." The Declaration of Independence famously asserted the belief of America's Founders that "all men are created equal" and endowed with God-given rights to "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." It's the last --- "the pursuit of Happiness" --- that is central to America's heroic experiment in self-government. .

27. GDA-653 It should promote educational opportunities outside the woke-dominated system of public schools and universities, including trade schools, apprenticeship programs, and student-loan alternatives that fund students' dreams instead of Marxist academics. .

28. GDA-689 Section One TAKING THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT A merica's Bicentennial, which culminated on July 4, 1976, was a spirited and unifying celebration of our country, its Founding, and its ideals. .

29. GDA-774 In the past, this deputy has also worked with the NSC, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Intelligence Community and on advancing all foreign trips. .

30. GDA-801 The Office of White House Counsel is the first line of defense for the EOP. .

31. GDA-862 The White House also relies on Congress to enact reforms promised by the President on the campaign trail, whether those promises relate to health care, education, or national defense. .

32. GDA-997 Unlike the other policy councils, the NSC was established by statute.8 Statutory members and advisers who are currently part of the NSC include the President and Vice President; the Secretaries of State, Defense, and Energy; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and the Director of National Intelligence.9 The NSC staff, and particularly the National Security Adviser, should be vetted for foreign and security policy experience and insight. .

33. GDA-1004 The Director is supported by a staff of policy experts in various fields, including infrastructure, manufacturing, research and development, agriculture, small business, financial regulation, housing, technology and innovation, and fiscal policy. .

34. GDA-1044 Past East Wing initiatives have focused on such issues as combating bullying, fighting drug abuse, promoting literacy, and encouraging physical education for young adults and children. .

35. GDA-1140 l Education, Income Maintenance, and Labor. .

36. GDA-1228 The NSC should take a leading role in directing the drafting and thorough review of all formal strategies: the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Strategy, the Nuclear Posture Review, the Missile Defense Strategy, etc. .

37. GDA-1229 In particular, the National Defense Strategy, which by tradition has evaded significant review, should be prioritized for White House review by the NSC and OMB. .

38. GDA-1230 Both should also conduct reviews of operational war plans and global force planning and allocations with the Secretary of Defense to align them with presidential priorities and review all key policy and guidance intended for implementation by the heads of the Department of Defense, the Department of State, and the Intelligence Community before they are authorized for distribution. .

39. GDA-1231 The NSC should rigorously review all general and flag officer promotions to prioritize the core roles and responsibilities of the military over social engineering and non-defense matters, including climate change, critical race theory, manufactured extremism, and other polarizing policies that weaken our armed forces and discourage our nation's finest men and women from enlisting to serve in defense of our liberty. .

40. GDA-1252 Today, this would include (among other topics) taxes, energy and environment, technology, infrastructure, health care, financial services, workforce, agriculture, antitrust and competition policy, and retirement programs. .

41. GDA-1352 Also, since much environmental policymaking must run the gauntlet of judicial review, USGCRP actions can frustrate successful litigation defense in ways that the career bureaucracy should not be permitted to control. .

42. GDA-1369 The new President should seek to issue a new executive order to create a unified process for major infrastructure projects that includes giving project proponents more control of any regulatory clocks. .

43. GDA-1391 Abolishing the Gender Policy Council would eliminate central promotion of abortion ("health services"); comprehensive sexuality education ("education"); and the new woke gender ideology, which has as a principal tenet "gender affirming care" and "sex-change" surgeries on minors. .

44. GDA-1558 Trump, Executive Order 13807, "Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects," August 15, 2017, in Federal Register, Vol. .

45. GDA-1736 Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama began their terms, as did Ronald Reagan and Donald Trump, by mandating a freeze on the hiring of new federal employees, but these efforts did not lead to permanent and substantive reductions in the number of nondefense federal employees. .

46. GDA-1752 It identified 33 actions to address mission fragmentation, overlap, and duplication in the 12 areas of defense, economic development, health, homeland security, and information technology. .

47. GDA-1813 The authors have made many suggestions here that, if implemented, could bring that bureaucracy more under control and enable it to work more efficiently and responsibly, which is especially required for the half of civilian government that administers its undeniable responsibilities for defense and foreign affairs. .

48. GDA-1904 Section Two THE COMMON DEFENSE W hile the lives of Americans are affected in noteworthy ways, for better or worse, by each part of the executive branch, the inherent importance of national defense and foreign affairs makes the Departments of Defense and State first among equals. .

49. GDA-1907 "Ever since our Founding," former acting secretary of defense Christopher Miller writes in Chapter 4, "Americans have understood that the surest way to avoid war is to be prepared for it in peace." Yet the Department of Defense "is a deeply troubled institution." It has emphasized leftist politics over military readiness, "Recruiting was the worst in 2022 that it has been in two generations," and "the Biden Administration's profoundly unserious equity agenda and vaccine mandates have taken a serious toll." Additionally, Miller writes that "the atrophy of our defense industrial base, the impact of sequestration, and effective disarmament by many U.S. .

50. GDA-1911 That is why Russ Vought argues in Chapter 2 that the National Security Council "should rigorously review all general and flag officer promotions to prioritize the core roles and responsibilities of the military over social engineering and non-defense related matters, including climate change, critical race theory, manufactured extremism, and other polarizing policies that weaken our armed forces and discourage our nation's finest men and women from enlisting." Ensuring that many of America's best and brightest continue to choose military service is essential. .

51. GDA-1912 "By far the most significant danger" to America from abroad, Miller writes, "is China." That communist regime "is undertaking a historic military buildup," which "could result in a nuclear force that matches or exceeds America's own nuclear arsenal." Resisting Chinese expansionist aims "requires a denial defense" whereby we make "the subordination of Taiwan or other U.S. .

52. GDA-1916 Miller writes that we "must treat missile defense as a top priority," ensure that more of our weapons are made in America, reform the budgeting process, and sustain "an efficient and effective counterterrorism enterprise." Across all of our efforts, we must keep in mind that part of peace through strength is knowing when to fight. .

53. GDA-1939 defense and foreign policy and reset the nation's role in the world. .

54. GDA-1941 4 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Christopher Miller The Constitution requires the federal government to "provide for the common defence."1 It assigns to Congress the authority to "raise and support Armies" and to "provide and maintain a Navy"2 and specifies that the President is "commander in Chief" of America's armed forces.3 Ever since our Founding, Americans have understood that the surest way to avoid war is to be prepared for it in peace --- but when deterrence fails, we must fight and win. .

55. GDA-1942 The Department of Defense (DOD) is the largest part of our federal government. .

56. GDA-1971 Preventing this from happening must be the top priority for American foreign and defense policy. .

57. GDA-1978 This requires a denial defense: the ability to make the subordination of Taiwan or other U.S. .

58. GDA-1981 The United States and its allies also face real threats from Russia, as evidenced by Vladimir Putin's brutal war in Ukraine, as well as from Iran, North Korea, and transnational terrorism at a time when decades of ill-advised military operations in the Greater Middle East, the atrophy of our defense industrial base, the impact of sequestration, and effective disarmament by many U.S. .

59. GDA-1986 Rather, it must confront them with a clear-eyed recognition of the need for choice, discipline, and adequate resources for defense. .

60. GDA-1988 defense strategy must identify China unequivocally as the top priority for U.S. .

61. GDA-1989 defense planning while modernizing and expanding the U.S. .

62. GDA-1993 The reality is that achieving these goals will require more spending on defense, both by the United States and by its allies, as well as active support for reindustrialization and more support for allies' productive capacity so that we can scale our free- world efforts together. .

63. GDA-1994 Needed Reforms l Prioritize a denial defense against China. .

64. GDA-1996 defense planning should focus on China and, in particular, the effective denial defense of Taiwan. .

65. GDA-1998 defense activities will deny China the first island chain. .

66. GDA-2000 defense efforts, from force planning to employment and posture, focus on ensuring the ability of American forces to prevail in the pacing scenario and deny China a fait accompli against Taiwan. .

67. GDA-2003 l Increase allied conventional defense burden-sharing. .

68. GDA-2005 allies must take far greater responsibility for their conventional defense. .

69. GDA-2009 defense strategy with the United States not just helping allies to step up, but strongly encouraging them to do so. .

70. GDA-2010 2. Support greater spending and collaboration by Taiwan and allies in the Asia-Pacific like Japan and Australia to create a collective defense model. .

71. GDA-2014 4. Sustain support for Israel even as America empowers Gulf partners to take responsibility for their own coastal, air, and missile defenses both individually and working collectively. .

72. GDA-2015 5. Enable South Korea to take the lead in its conventional defense against North Korea. .

73. GDA-2038 4. Require the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, and all service secretaries to conduct "Night Court" and use existing authorities to terminate outdated or underperforming programs so that money can be used for what works and will work. .

74. GDA-2040 5. Require the Office of the Secretary of Defense to research and report on the acquisition processes used by America's adversaries to improve our understanding of how they are often able to innovate and field new technologies on a faster timeline. .

75. GDA-2041 l Strengthen America's defense industrial base. .

76. GDA-2045 This will strengthen the defense industry supply chain and ensure that adequate inventory exists if it is needed for a future conflict. .

77. GDA-2048 This will improve private-sector rates of return, thereby incentivizing defense contractors to partner with the government. .

78. GDA-2051 and allies under the "domestic end product" and "domestic components" requirements of the Build America, Buy America Act.5 Currently, defense companies are required to manufacture defense items for the U.S. .

79. GDA-2055 Manufacturing components and end products domestically and with allies spurs factory development, increases American jobs, and builds resilience in America's defense industrial base. .

80. GDA-2058 Encourage and plan for durable supply chains for small businesses so they also have commercial/private-sector customers and are not solely dependent on defense orders, which can be highly specialized, expensive, and irregular. .

81. GDA-2064 2. The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, and all service secretaries should assess their acquisition workforces; determine what additional personnel, resources, and training they need; and develop implementation plans. .

82. GDA-2066 3. Decentralize Defense Acquisition University (DAU) offerings and expand the DAU mission to include accreditation of non-DOD institutions. .

83. GDA-2068 With the rapid evolution of training and educational technologies, including remote and virtual practices, there is no reason for DAU to maintain a monopoly on the knowledge and certification that are required to perform as acquisition professionals. .

84. GDA-2071 DOD RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND EVALUATION (RDT&E) The FY 2017 National Defense Authorization Act established the position of Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and assigned broad responsibility for "all defense research and engineering, technology development, technology transition, prototyping, experimentation, and developmental testing activities and programs, including the allocation of resources for defense research and engineering, and unifying defense research and engineering efforts across the Department," to the new Under Secretary, who also was tasked with "serving as the principal advisor to the Secretary on all research, engineering, and technology development activities and programs in the Department."6 This led to the single largest DOD structural change since the Goldwater-Nichols act of 19867 and was organized effectively during President Donald Trump's Administration. .

85. GDA-2077 4. Rebuild RDT&E infrastructure that resides in Cold War-era facilities and is not well-suited to the current era of rapid development and testing of advanced technology and concepts to the maturity level necessary for acquisition and operational fielding. .

86. GDA-2093 technological leadership that is based on outpacing our adversaries; clear about what we need to protect; tailored to various specific sectors (for example, academia, the defense industrial base, and laboratories); and underpinned with a full range of consequences for attempted or actual theft. .

87. GDA-2095 government foreign military sales (FMS) nosedived to a low of $34.8 billion from a record high of $55.7 billion in FY 2018.8 This decrease hinders interoperability with partners and allies, decreases defense industrial base capacity, and increases the taxpayer burden on the U.S. .

88. GDA-2097 Under previous Administrations, the United States built its reputation as a reliable partner with a strong defense industrial base that could supply military articles and goods in a timely manner. .

89. GDA-2100 defense systems, thereby expanding our "defense ecosystem." We must reverse the recent dip in FMS to ensure both that our partners remain interoperable with the United States and that our defense industrial base regains much-needed capacity in preparation for future challenges. .

90. GDA-2105 military leadership emphasizes exportability in the initial development of defense systems that are both available and interoperable with our partners and allies. .

91. GDA-2113 The high cost of developing advanced defense platforms requires the United States to collaborate with key allies to minimize waste, complement strengths, and supplement our defense industrial base to create a system that is greater than that of the United States alone. .

92. GDA-2114 1. Enhance defense industrial base planning with partners to allow them to focus on niche areas where there are cost advantages for the United States. .

93. GDA-2116 3. Create opportunities to improve the health of the defense supply chain with added opportunities for partners and allies to contribute. .

94. GDA-2120 Immediately fund more contracting capacity in all services to decrease the contracting timeline and improve the delivery of defense articles to our global partners. .

95. GDA-2121 2. Rationalize and speed arms sales decision-making to preclude our enemies from exploiting bureaucratic slothfulness and allow us to manage the development of indigenous defense industrial bases. .

96. GDA-2122 DOD PERSONNEL The men and women of America's armed forces are the most critical component of our national defense strategy, but in recent years, they have been overextended, undervalued, and insufficiently resourced. .

97. GDA-2141 In 2021, the Reagan National Defense Survey found that only 45 percent of Americans have "a great deal of trust and confidence in the military" --- down from 70 percent in 2018.13 1. .

98. GDA-2159 5. Support legislation giving education savings account options to military families.15 l Reduce the number of generals. .

99. GDA-2163 DOD INTELLIGENCE Our national defense establishment must evolve to meet the rapid, profound, and dynamic change in the global landscape, but absent significant effort to evaluate and retool in critical areas --- including our intelligence and security portfolios --- America's competitive advantage against rivals and adversaries is at serious risk. .

100. GDA-2164 However, for any structural changes to succeed, the crisis in our Intelligence Community (IC)/Defense Intelligence Enterprise (DIE) leadership must be addressed.16 The DIE accounts for the bulk of the Intelligence Community's personnel and a significant portion of its budget. .

101. GDA-2165 Of the IC's 17 elements, eight are within DOD,17 two are independent,18 and seven belong to various other departments and agencies.19 Overall, "[t]he DoD provides 86 percent of the personnel who conduct intelligence activities, both military and civilian."20 The Defense Intelligence Enterprise must deliver accurate, unbiased, and timely insights consistently and with clarity, objectivity, and independence. .

102. GDA-2168 Defense intelligence assets have been committed to the prosecution of operational campaigns since September 11, 2001, at the expense of our strategic objectives, and this has led to increased risk.21 Further, the DIE has evolved into a "customer-based" model with the DIE/IC trying to be supportive of policy direction at the expense of analytical integrity. .

103. GDA-2171 As the leader of the DIE, the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security should provide a top-line, dissenting, or clarifying view of DIE and IC assessments as needed. .

104. GDA-2181 The prevalence of asymmetric warfare requires Defense Intelligence to leverage the unique authorities and capabilities of U.S. .

105. GDA-2183 1. Create an improved cyber defense and capability. .

106. GDA-2190 5. Establish true alignment between DOD and DHS both to improve the defense of critical U.S. .

107. GDA-2191 infrastructure and national border integrity and to develop vital information that enables defense against foreign targeted disruptions.23 l Restore accountability and public trust. .

108. GDA-2192 In recent years, public trust in Defense Intelligence has been eroded by, for example, flawed assumptions leading up to our Afghanistan withdrawal, flawed Russia-Ukraine assessments, divergences in relations with key Gulf allies, and voids being filled by Russia and China around the world. .

109. GDA-2197 The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security's leadership role should be expanded to include providing analytic top-line views and improve DIE transparency by highlighting diverging views. .

110. GDA-2199 Present defense intelligence to senior policymakers, either independently to avoid all-source bias or in consensus products like the National Intelligence Estimates. .

111. GDA-2202 Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) accepted transfer of the responsibility to conduct security clearance and suitability investigations for 95 percent of the U.S. .

112. GDA-2217 2. Accelerate the development and procurement of the six current Army modernization priorities (long-range precision fires, the Next- Generation Combat Vehicle, Future Vertical Lift, the Army network, air and missile defense, and soldier lethality) to replace worn out and outdated combat systems and ensure ground combat dominance. .

113. GDA-2229 4. Prepare to deploy forces from degraded U.S.-based transportation infrastructure that is compromised by opposing forces. .

114. GDA-2232 A rebuilt Army that is focused again on its core warfighting mission and empowered it with the tools, resources, and authorities it needs to accomplish that mission must be the next Administration's highest defense priority. .

115. GDA-2261 In contrast with the Navy General Board that served ship development so well during the interwar period, the current joint process27 for defining the requirements for major defense acquisitions is not well-suited to long-term planning of the sort that is needed for USN fleet architecture and shipbuilding. .

116. GDA-2262 The interwar General Board should serve as a model, empowered with final decision authority over all requirements documents concerning ships and the major defense systems fielded on ships. .

117. GDA-2268 3. Establish an oversight Board of Directors made up of the service chief, service secretary, and Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. .

118. GDA-2272 Additionally, modern air defense requires the use of high- performance surface-to-air missiles. .

119. GDA-2285 Air Force today lacks a force structure with the lethality, survivability, and capacity to fight a major conflict with a great power like China, deter nuclear threats, and meet its other operational requirements under the National Defense Strategy.29 For 30 years, the Air Force has received less annual funding (if pass-through funding, defined as money in the Air Force budget that does not go to the Air Force, is removed from the equation) than the Army and Navy have received. .

120. GDA-2293 A 2018 study, "The Air Force We Need,"30 showed a 24 percent deficit in Air Force capacity to meet the needs of the National Defense Strategy. .

121. GDA-2301 military to a force that can achieve deterrence or win in a fight if necessary requires returning to a threat-based defense strategy. .

122. GDA-2302 Real budget growth combined with a more equitable distribution of resources across the armed services is the only realistic way to create a modernized Air Force with the capacity to meet the needs of the National Defense Strategy. .

123. GDA-2304 1. Adopt a two-war force defense strategy with scenarios for each service that will allow the Air Force to attain the resources it requires by developing a force-sizing construct that reflects what is required to accomplish strategic objectives. .

124. GDA-2319 3. Achieve moving target engagement capability and capacity against sea, surface, and ground mobile targets at the scale necessary to meet the needs of the National Defense Strategy. .

125. GDA-2324 Marine Corps (USMC) is the maritime land force of the Department of Defense and Department of the Navy. .

126. GDA-2327 military operations in Afghanistan in August 2022, the Marine Corps engaged in extended operations ashore as directed by the Secretary of Defense, leaving it with little opportunity or ability to train for and execute the naval and amphibious operations for which it is uniquely suited and directed by law. .

127. GDA-2357 3. Reduce unnecessary deployments to increase dwell time in order to enable more robust primary military education. .

128. GDA-2395 CYBER COMMAND USCYBERCOM was established in 2010 by the Department of Defense to unify the direction of cyberspace operations, strengthen DOD cyberspace capabilities, and integrate and enhance U.S. .

129. GDA-2403 Mission creep is leading to wasteful overlap with the Department of Homeland Security, National Security Agency, Department of Defense, and Central Intelligence Agency. .

130. GDA-2418 infrastructure and citizens. .

131. GDA-2422 It makes sense to capitalize on USSOCOM's experience and repurpose its mission to include irregular warfare within the context of great-power competition, thereby providing a robust organization that is capable of achieving strategic effects that are critical both to our national defense and to the defense of our allies and partners around the globe. .

132. GDA-2434 3. Direct that irregular warfare resources, capabilities, and strategies be incorporated directly into the overall National Defense Strategy instead of being relegated to a supporting document. .

133. GDA-2438 1. Task USSOCOM and corresponding organizations in the Pentagon with conceptualizing, resourcing, and executing regionally based operations to counter the BRI with a focus on nations that are key to our energy policy, international supply chains, and our defense industrial base. .

134. GDA-2440 3. Directly counter Chinese economic power with all elements of national power in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean to maintain maritime freedom of movement and protect the digital infrastructure of nations in the region. .

135. GDA-2443 1. Include the designation of USSOCOM as lead for the execution of irregular warfare against hostile state and nonstate actors in the National Defense Strategy. .

136. GDA-2445 infrastructure, businesses, personnel, and governments. .

137. GDA-2462 nuclear capabilities and the infrastructure on which they rely date from the Cold War and are in dire need of replacement. .

138. GDA-2484 l Restore the nuclear infrastructure. .

139. GDA-2485 The United States must restore its necessary nuclear infrastructure so that it is capable of producing and maintaining nuclear weapons. .

140. GDA-2487 2. Continue to invest in rebuilding infrastructure, including facilities at the National Laboratories that support nuclear weapons development. .

141. GDA-2499 MISSILE DEFENSE Missile defense is a critical component of the U.S. .

142. GDA-2508 Missile defense has been underprioritized and underfunded in recent years. .

143. GDA-2509 In light of these growing threats, the incoming Administration should treat missile defense as a top priority. .

144. GDA-2510 Needed Reforms l Champion the benefits of missile defense. .

145. GDA-2512 missile defense is destabilizing because it threatens Russian and Chinese second- strike capabilities. .

146. GDA-2513 1. Reject claims made by the Left that missile defense is destabilizing while acknowledging that Russia and China are developing their own advanced missile defense systems. .

147. GDA-2514 2. Commit to keeping homeland missile defense off the table in any arms control negotiations with Russia and China.42 l Strengthen homeland ballistic missile defense. .

148. GDA-2515 The United States currently deploys 44 Ground-Based Interceptors (GBIs) as part of its Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system to defend the homeland against North Korea, but as North Korea improves its missile program, this system is at risk of falling behind the threat.43 1. .

149. GDA-2517 2. Consider additional steps to strengthen the GMD system such as a layered missile defense or a third interceptor site on the East Coast. .

150. GDA-2518 l Increase the development of regional missile defense. .

151. GDA-2520 regional missile defense capabilities are very limited. .

152. GDA-2521 The United States has been unable to supply our partners reliably with any capabilities, and the number and types of regional missile defense platforms are less than the U.S. .

153. GDA-2522 needs for its own defense. .

154. GDA-2524 should prioritize procurement of more regional defense systems such as Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), Standard Missile-3, and Patriot missiles. .

155. GDA-2526 missile defense policy. .

156. GDA-2528 has chosen to rely solely on deterrence to address the Russian and Chinese ballistic missile threat to the homeland and to use homeland missile defense only against rogue nations. .

157. GDA-2529 1. Abandon the existing policy of not defending the homeland against Russian and Chinese ballistic missiles and focus on how to improve defense as the Russian and Chinese missile threats increase at an unprecedented rate.45 2. .

158. GDA-2530 Invest in future advanced missile defense technologies like directed energy or space-based missile defense that could defend against more numerous missile threats. .

159. GDA-2532 The advent of hypersonic missiles and increased numbers of cruise missile arsenals by threat actors poses new challenges to our missile defense capabilities. .

160. GDA-2533 1. Invest in cruise missile defense of the homeland.46 2. .

161. GDA-2536 AUTHOR'S NOTE: The mission of the Department of Defense is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. .

162. GDA-2549 1605, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Public Law No. .

163. GDA-2552 3684, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Public Law No. .

164. GDA-2555 2943, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, Public Law 114-328, 114th Congress, December 23, 2016, Division A, Title IX, Β§ 901, https://www.congress.gov/114/statute/STATUTE-130/STATUTE-130-Pg2000. .

165. GDA-2558 3622, Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, Public Law No. .

166. GDA-2561 Department of Defense, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Historical Sales Book, Fiscal Years 1950-2021, p. .

167. GDA-2572 13. Ronald Reagan Institute, "Reagan National Defense Survey," conducted November 2021, p. .

168. GDA-2577 15. See Jude Schwalbach, "Military Families Deserve Flexible Education Options," Heritage Foundation Commentary, April 14, 2021, https://www.heritage.org/education/commentary/military-families-deserve- flexible-education-options. .

169. GDA-2579 17. The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA); the National Security Agency (NSA); the National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA); the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO); and the intelligence and counterintelligence elements of the military services: U.S. .

170. GDA-2583 Marine Corps Intelligence, which also receive guidance and oversight from the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USDI). .

171. GDA-2590 21. Ronald O'Rourke, "Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense --- Issues for Congress," Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. .

172. GDA-2593 Government Accountability Office, Defense Intelligence and Security: DOD Needs to Establish Oversight Expectations and to Develop Tools That Enhance Accountability, GAO-21-295, May 2021, https://www.gao.gov/ assets/gao-21-295.pdf (accessed February 15, 2023). .

173. GDA-2596 The Defense Department currently defines defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) as "Support provided by U.S. .

174. GDA-2597 Federal military forces, DoD civilians, DoD contract personnel, DoD Component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Governors of the affected States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, U.S.C., status) in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special events. .

175. GDA-2599 Department of Defense, Directive No. .

176. GDA-2600 3025.18, "Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)," December 29, 2010, p. .

177. GDA-2601 16, https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/CG-5R/nsarc/DoDD%203025.18%20Defense%20Support%20of%20Civil%20Authorities.pdf (accessed February 15, 2023). .

178. GDA-2615 27. The Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) is the process by which the services develop and the Joint Staff approves the requirements for major defense acquisitions. .

179. GDA-2616 See Defense Acquisition University, "Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDA)," https://www.dau. .

180. GDA-2619 The proposed composition would include the Vice Chief of Naval Operations as Chairman, with three-star level membership from the Joint Staff, the Navy and Defense Acquisition Executives, and the Naval Sea Systems Command. .

181. GDA-2620 In addition, there would be four-star retired naval officers/Navy civil servants as members, one each named by the Chairmen of the House and Senate Armed Services Committees, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Defense. .

182. GDA-2621 Finally, there would be a member appointed by the Secretary of the Navy who had previous senior experience in the defense industry. .

183. GDA-2622 29. See James Mattis, Secretary of Defense, Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America: Sharpening the American Military's Competitive Edge, U.S. .

184. GDA-2623 Department of Defense, https:// dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023), and U.S. .

185. GDA-2624 Department of Defense, 2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America Including the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review and the 2022 Missile Defense Review, https://oldcc.gov/ resource/2022-national-defense-strategy (accessed February 17, 2023). .

186. GDA-2636 34. Megan Eckstein, "Marines, Navy Near Agreement on Light Amphibious Warship Features," Defense News, October 5, 2022, https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2022/10/05/marines-navy-near-agreement-on-light- amphibious-warship-features/ (accessed February 16, 2023). .

187. GDA-2637 35. Megan Eckstein, "Marines Explain Vision for Fewer Traditional Amphibious Warships," Defense News, June 21, 2021, https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2021/06/21/marines-explain-vision-for-fewer-traditional- amphibious-warships-supplemented-by-new-light-amphib/ (accessed February 16, 2023). .

188. GDA-2639 Freedberg Jr., "Trump Eases Cyber Ops, but Safeguards Remain: Joint Staff," Breaking Defense, September 17, 2018, https://breakingdefense.com/2018/09/trump-eases-cyber-ops-but-safeguards-remain- joint-staff/ (accessed March 7, 2023); Dustin Volz, "White House Confirms It Has Relaxed Rules on U.S. .

189. GDA-2650 Department of Defense, Nuclear Posture Review, February 2018, pp. .

190. GDA-2651 54-55, https://media.defense. .

191. GDA-2654 Department of Defense, 2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America Including the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review and the 2022 Missile Defense Review, pp. .

192. GDA-2656 41. Patty-Jane Geller, "Missile Defense," in 2023 Index of U.S. .

193. GDA-2663 Missile Defenses for Nuclear Arms Control," National Institute for Public Policy Information Series, Issue No. .

194. GDA-2665 43. Forum for American Leadership, "Don't Hand North Korea a Win in the Missile Defense Review," January 4, 2022, https://forumforamericanleadership.org/dprk-missile-threat (accessed February 16, 2023). .

195. GDA-2666 44. Patty-Jane Geller, "It's Time to Get Homeland Missile Defense Right," Defense News, January 4, 2021, https:// www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2021/01/04/its-time-to-get-homeland-missile-defense- right/#:~:text=Restoring%20our%20eroding%20edge%20when,advanced%20technology%20and%20new%20capabilities.%E2%80%9D (accessed February 16, 2023). .

196. GDA-2667 45. Forum for American Leadership, "How Biden's Missile Defense Review Can Succeed," October 21, 2021, https:// forumforamericanleadership.org/missile-defense-review (accessed February 16, 2023). .

197. GDA-2668 46. Tom Karako, Matt Strohmeyer, Ian Williams, Wes Rumbaugh, and Ken Harmon, North America Is a Region, Too: An Integrated, Phased, and Affordable Approach to Air and Missile Defense for the Homeland, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Missile Defense Project, July 2022, https://csis-website-prod. .

198. GDA-2677 l The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) be moved to the Department of Transportation. .

199. GDA-2680 Coast Guard (USCG) be moved to DOJ and, in time of full-scale war (i.e., threatening the homeland), to the Department of Defense (DOD). .

200. GDA-2701 The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is a DHS component that the Left has weaponized to censor speech and affect elections at the expense of securing the cyber domain and critical infrastructure, which are threatened daily.2 A conservative Administration should return CISA to its statutory and important but narrow mission. .

201. GDA-2704 A successful DHS would: l Secure and control the border; l Thoroughly enforce immigration laws; l Correctly and efficiently adjudicate immigration benefit applications while rejecting fraudulent claims; l Secure the cyber domain and collaborate with critical infrastructure sectors to maintain their security; l Provide states and localities with a limited federal emergency response and preparedness; l Secure our coasts and economic zones; l Protect political leaders, their families, and visiting heads of state or government; and l Oversee transportation security. .

202. GDA-2731 Such preconditions should include at least the following: l Certification by applicants that they comply with all aspects of federal immigration laws, including the honoring of all immigration detainers. .

203. GDA-2732 l Certification by applicants that they are both registered with E-Verify and using E-Verify in a transparent and nonevasive manner. .

204. GDA-2733 For states and localities, that would include certification that all components of that government, and not just the applicant agency, are registered with and use E-Verify. .

205. GDA-2802 ICE should end its current cozy deference to educational institutions and remove security risks from the program. .

206. GDA-2898 l Mandatory appropriation for border wall system infrastructure. .

207. GDA-2900 l Appropriation for Port of Entry infrastructure. .

208. GDA-2903 This is the first line of defense against drug and human smuggling operations. .

209. GDA-2920 Such funds and infrastructure, including the DHS joint processing centers, should be redirected to secure the border, detain aliens, and provide space for immigration court proceedings. .

210. GDA-3005 FEMA employees in Washington, D.C., should not determine how billions of federal tax dollars should be awarded to train local law enforcement officers in Texas, harden cybersecurity infrastructure in Utah, or supplement migrant shelters in Arizona. .

211. GDA-3012 CYBERSECURITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY AGENCY (CISA) Needed Reforms CISA is supposed to have two key roles: (1) protection of the federal civilian government networks (.gov) while coordinating the execution of national cyber defense and sharing information with non-federal and private-sector partners and (2) national coordination of critical infrastructure security and resilience. .

212. GDA-3015 The component's emergency communications and Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) roles should be moved to FEMA; its school security functions should be transferred to state homeland security offices; and CISA should refrain from duplicating cybersecurity functions done elsewhere at the Department of Defense, FBI, National Security Agency, and U.S. .

213. GDA-3049 Simultaneously, consistent with the Department of Defense, USCG should also make a serious effort to re-vet any promotions and hiring that occurred on the Biden Administration's watch while also re-onboarding any USCG personnel who were dismissed from service for refusing to take the COVID-19 "vaccine," with time in service credited to such returnees. .

214. GDA-3153 The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, which is not a member of the IC, should create cyber intelligence products in a collaborative fashion with the National Security Agency and U.S. .

215. GDA-3254 l Department of Defense: Assist in aggressively building the border wall system on America's southern border. .

216. GDA-3255 Additionally, explicitly acknowledge and adjust personnel and priorities to participate actively in the defense of America's borders, including using military personnel and hardware to prevent illegal crossings between ports of entry and channel all cross-border traffic to legal ports of entry. .

217. GDA-3261 l Department of Education: Deny loan access to those who are not U.S. .

218. GDA-3409 Ideally, the Secretary of State should work as part of an agile foreign policy team along with the National Security Advisor, the Secretary of Defense, and other agency heads to flesh out and advance the President's foreign policy. .

219. GDA-3537 European nations directly affected by the conflict should aid in the defense of Ukraine, but the U.S. .

220. GDA-3557 This interest is both critical to the defense of the American homeland and the future of global nonproliferation. .

221. GDA-3639 should support capable African military and security operations through the State Department and other federal agencies responsible for granting foreign military education, training, and security assistance. .

222. GDA-3652 First, the Europe, Eurasia, and Russia region is made up of relatively wealthy and technologically advanced societies that should be expected to bear a fair share of both security needs and global security architecture: The United States cannot be expected to provide a defense umbrella for countries unwilling to contribute appropriately. .

223. GDA-3653 At stake after 2024 will be examining the status of the Wales Pledge of 2 percent of gross domestic product toward defense by NATO members. .

224. GDA-3675 For instance, the 2019 Department of Defense Indo-Pacific Strategy Report noted that the Indian Ocean area "is at the nexus of global trade and commerce, with nearly half of the world's 90,000 commercial vessels and two thirds of global oil trade traveling through its sea lanes. .

225. GDA-3747 For example, the Trump Administration withdrew from, or terminated funding for, the United Nations Human Rights Council, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, and the WHO. .

226. GDA-3770 led an effort during the Trump Administration to forge a consensus among like-minded countries in support of human life, women's health, support of the family as the basic unit of human society, and defense of national sovereignty. .

227. GDA-3824 The United States must reassert its public diplomacy obligations by restoring its international broadcasting infrastructure as part of the broader U.S. .

228. GDA-3840 governmental, military, and critical infrastructure networks with targeted malware. .

229. GDA-3843 The State Department should work with allies to establish a clear framework of enforceable norms for actions in cyberspace, moving beyond the voluntary norms of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts.26 The State Department should also assist the Department of Defense to go "on offence" against adversaries. .

230. GDA-3848 Global financial infrastructure, nuclear controls, and public health are particularly important areas in which consensus may even be found across ideological lines. .

231. GDA-3889 3715, July 21, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/foreign-policy-strategy-post-biden-era. .

232. GDA-3901 Department of Defense, Indo-Pacific Strategy Report: Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region, June 1, 2019, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/DEPARTMENT-OF- DEFENSE-INDO-PACIFIC-STRATEGY-REPORT-2019.PDF (accessed July 28, 2022). .

233. GDA-3939 [W]e must think anew, and act anew."3 The Intelligence Community maintains an incredible capacity to achieve its mission, but both the IC and the somewhat antiquated infrastructure that supports it often place too high a priority on yesterday's threats and methodologies instead of trying to identify possible future threats or the methodologies that might be needed to combat them. .

234. GDA-3954 Bush in 2004, followed by statutory authorizations in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA).5 Proponents of an ODNI hoped to establish reforms similar to the Goldwater- Nichols Department of Defense (DOD) reforms of the 1980s, which identified recurring problems within DOD's command-and-control architecture and led to unified Combatant Commands with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as the senior ranking member of the armed forces and principal military adviser to the President. .

235. GDA-4066 Code, "the term 'covert action' means an activity or activities of the United States Government to influence political, economic, or military conditions abroad, where it is intended that the role of the United States Government will not be apparent or acknowledged publicly"¦."16 The President initiates a covert action with a written finding that explains why "such an action is necessary to support identifiable foreign policy objectives of the United States and is important to the national security of the United States."17 The statute assumes the President will use the CIA as the principal action element to achieve the objectives of covert action findings; however, the President need not feel constrained to utilize only the CIA: "[E]ach finding shall specify each department, agency, or entity of the United States Government authorized to fund or otherwise participate in any significant way in such action."18 For example, the Department of Defense maintains certain clandestine capabilities under Title 10 authorities that may resemble but far exceed in scale similar capabilities outside of DOD. .

236. GDA-4163 Barring statutory changes that could occur before 2025, a future conservative President should further empower and resource the IC by executive order or through suggested changes in the Counterintelligence Enhancement Act (CEA) of 2002.32 NCSC was given some authority for outreach efforts on behalf of the IC for counterintelligence education, insider threats, and broader U.S. .

237. GDA-4170 Reinstitution of the National Security Higher Education Advisory Board and the National Security Business Alliance Council should be prioritized with leadership from the NCSC, the FBI, or a combination of both entities. .

238. GDA-4185 intelligence tradecraft notes that the "vast majority of intelligence analysts reside outside the Central Intelligence Agency and do work that is tactical, operational, and current."35 The study goes on to note that the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) has as many analysts as the CIA has and that the National Security Agency (NSA) has several times as many analysts, as does the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), indicating both the breadth of the IC's technical collection and its emphasis both on developing analysts who can interpret secret human or technical intelligence in quick-turnaround pieces and on countering tactical, asymmetric threats like terrorism. .

239. GDA-4210 Since critical infrastructure and services are overwhelmingly owned, managed, and defended by the private sector in the United States, there has been an increasing emphasis on declassifying intelligence and sharing actionable information with private-sector partners, often through industry-specific Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs); regional meetings of government and private-sector experts called InfraGard, run by the FBI; direct public notification from the Department of Homeland Security, the FBI, and (increasingly) the NSA; and more discreet one-on-one engagements led by the collecting agencies. .

240. GDA-4216 government's ability to defend the country's most vital networks, the IC must adopt an "obligation to share" policy process, including the capacity for "write to release" intelligence products whereby newly discovered technical indicators, targeting, and other intelligence relevant to cyber defense are automatically provided either to the public or to targeted entities within 48 hours of their collection --- which is how counterterrorism intelligence has been managed for years when it comes to a "duty to warn." Under this policy, agency heads should still have the flexibility to withhold intelligence for operational or counterintelligence reasons but would need to report regularly to Congress on the number of and justification for exceptions. .

241. GDA-4258 Their back-office infrastructure, however, is such that they are still using methods for providing cover from decades past that put valuable intelligence officers at unnecessary risk. .

242. GDA-4312 Critical areas and IC IT portfolio priorities for the ICCIO include but are not limited to: l Transparent accounting and allocation of IT investments across the IC, including commercial cloud computing and storage (C2E); l Recognized and uniform security access for people, systems, and capabilities to enable interoperability across IC elements; l 5G/6G data transmission and network interoperability, which is vital to IC element operations; l Artificial intelligence and machine learning; l Quantum cryptography and post-quantum encryption (PQE); and l Cybersecurity infrastructure where Biden Administration changes have realigned and reassigned management oversight and IT architecture responsibilities to NSA and DHS/CISA, conflicting with ICCIO- delineated roles. .

243. GDA-4314 The President-Elect should require immediate reviews of the progress in implementing post-quantum encryption at a minimum for IC and Defense systems but preferably throughout the government. .

244. GDA-4318 In recent years, the IC has had a mandate from multiple Administrations to advance technology needs for intelligence --- needs that have seen massive changes as a result of such threats as China's advancements in technology and data infrastructure. .

245. GDA-4321 Avoiding duplication of what is already being done well in the private sector in such areas as practical defense cyber intelligence and artificial intelligence research would help to focus the agencies on the complex shadow tasks at hand while simultaneously freeing limited resources for advancement in other areas. .

246. GDA-4343 Fully utilize unique Title 10 and Title 50 authorities to execute space defense (and offense) strategies jointly. .

247. GDA-4346 space defense and intelligence posture. .

248. GDA-4363 "Two independent agencies --- the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Nine Department of Defense elements --- the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and intelligence elements of the five DoD services; the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force. .

249. GDA-4403 Department of Defense, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, "Trusted Workforce 2.0 and Continuous Vetting," https://www.dcsa.mil/mc/pv/cv/ (accessed March 9, 2023). .

250. GDA-4517 RFA also provides educational and cultural programming, as well as forums for audiences to engage in open dialogue and freely express opinions. .

251. GDA-4569 These responsibilities must remain with the Department of Defense and the Office of Personnel Management, to which they were transferred in the final weeks of the Trump Administration. .

252. GDA-4668 In 2022, the CPB submitted to the Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Subcommittees of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees its budget justification for fiscal year (FY) 2023. .

253. GDA-4678 They should no longer, for example, be qualified as noncommercial education stations (NCE stations), which they clearly no longer are. .

254. GDA-4679 NPR, Pacifica, and the other radio ventures have zero claim on an educational function (the original purpose for which they were created by President Johnson), and the percentage of on-air programming that PBS devotes to educational endeavors such as "Sesame Street" (programs that are themselves biased to the Left) is small. .

255. GDA-4682 The FCC says that "only noncommercial educational radio stations are licensed in the 88-92 MHz 'reserved' band," while both commercial and noncommercial educational stations may operate in the "non-reserved" band.54 This confers advantages, as lower-frequency stations can be heard farther away and are easier to find as they lie on the left end of the radio dial (figuratively as well as ideologically). .

256. GDA-4684 It says that "Noncommercial educational (NCE) FM station licensees and full service NCE television broadcast station licensees are exempt from paying regulatory fees, provided that these stations operate solely on an NCE basis."55 NPR and PBS stations are in reality no longer noncommercial, as they run ads in everything but name for their sponsors. .

257. GDA-4685 They are also noneducational. .

258. GDA-4731 Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 ("Smith-Mundt Act"), Public Law 80-402. .

259. GDA-4788 52. Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Corporation for Public Broadcasting Appropriation Request and Justification FY 2023/FY 2025, Submitted to the Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee and the Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies Subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee, March 28, 2022, p. .

260. GDA-4815 It promoted international religious freedom as a pillar of the agency's work and built up an unprecedented genocide-response infrastructure. .

261. GDA-4856 USAID built an organizational infrastructure to carry out its multiple lines of counter-China operations. .

262. GDA-4861 The next conservative Administration should restore and build on the Trump Administration's counter-China infrastructure at USAID, end the climate policy fanaticism that advantages Beijing, and assess bilateral aid through the lens of U.S. .

263. GDA-4888 A Chief DEI Officer oversees this DEI infrastructure and sits in the Administrator's office. .

264. GDA-4907 It should also remove references to "abortion," "reproductive health," and "sexual and reproductive rights" and controversial sexual education materials. .

265. GDA-4912 Basic human needs include equal and safe access to potable water, sanitation, food, education, health care, houses of worship, justice, pregnancy and family resource centers, working capital, electricity, technology, and business opportunities. .

266. GDA-5006 The training, laboratory, clinical intervention, health education, data collection, and organizational platforms of these programs became the bedrock for responding to the COVID pandemic. .

267. GDA-5046 These governments can then redirect scarce budget resources away from costly health and education toward financing their wars, supporting terrorism, repressing their citizens, and enriching themselves. .

268. GDA-5052 l In Afghanistan, the aid infrastructure built over 20 years of American military presence that three Presidents wanted to end collapsed with the failure of U.S.-trained Afghan forces to repel the Taliban's 2021 advances. .

269. GDA-5152 The next conservative Administration should harvest DDI's central appropriations to fund new priorities, especially working with ethnic and religious minorities and faith-based organizations and joint ventures with the private sector in education and energy. .

270. GDA-5157 USAID should intensify its bilateral relationships with pro-free market Japan, Australia, South Korea, and India so that they can jointly advance private-sector solutions to secure financing for power generation, infrastructure, digital connectivity, investment and trade expansion, and other economic activities. .

271. GDA-5187 We must admit that USAID's investments in the education sector, for example, serve no other purpose than to subsidize corrupt, incompetent, and hostile regimes. .

272. GDA-5200 The Biden Administration's radical global climate policies have cut off billions in investment to develop clean fossil fuels, denying Africa's billion-plus people access to cheap energy to further their own development and finance their own social services in health, water, education, and agriculture, while increasing its dependence on China's renewables industry. .

273. GDA-5220 Gulf-based sovereign funds also are investing billions in African energy, infrastructure, mining, water, food production, information and communications technology, and other strategic industries. .

274. GDA-5245 The United States remains the favored destination for higher education and business opportunities for Latin Americans. .

275. GDA-5247 The Trump Administration focused on promoting trade and investment, especially in infrastructure, through an interagency effort called AmΓ©rica Crece (America Grows), by which USAID played a key role in providing technical assistance to create a more enabling environment to attract private investment. .

276. GDA-5307 Biden Jr., "Memorandum on Protecting Women's Health at Home and Abroad," Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, The White House, January 28, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/28/memorandum- on-protecting-womens-health-at-home-and-abroad/ (accessed March 18, 2023). .

277. GDA-5325 Section Three THE GENERAL WELFARE When our Founders wrote in the Constitution that the federal government would "promote the general Welfare," they could not have fathomed a massive bureaucracy that would someday spend $3 trillion in a single year --- roughly the sum, combined, spent by the departments covered in this section in 2022. .

278. GDA-5350 In contrast to DOJ's long history, the Department of Education (the department, or ED), discussed by Lindsey Burke in Chapter 11, is a creation of the Jimmy Carter Administration. .

279. GDA-5351 The department is a convenient one-stop shop for the woke education cartel, which --- as the COVID era showed --- is not particularly concerned with children's education. .

280. GDA-5352 Schools should be responsive to parents, rather than to leftist advocates intent on indoctrination --- and the more the federal government is involved in education, the less responsive to parents the public schools will be. .

281. GDA-5354 For the sake of American children, Congress should shutter it and return control of education to the states. .

282. GDA-5355 Short of this, the Secretary of Education should insist that the department serve parents and American ideals, not advocates whose message is that children can choose their own sex, that America is "systemically racist," that math itself is racist, and that Martin Luther King, Jr.'s ideal of a colorblind society should be rejected in favor of reinstating a color-conscious society. .

283. GDA-5356 The next head of this department will have a lot to do --- hopefully culminating in the department's closure and the salutary restoration of educational control to states, localities, and parents. .

284. GDA-5517 Turning to WIC, this program distributes money through EBT cards to help low-income women, infants, and children under six purchase nutrition- rich foods and nutrition education (including breastfeeding support). .

285. GDA-5536 Education officials should be prohibited from grouping schools together. .

286. GDA-5850 Crystal FitzSimons, "Free School Meals for All Is the Key to Supporting Education and Health Outcomes," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol 41, No. .

287. GDA-5990 11 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Lindsey M. .

288. GDA-5991 Burke MISSION Federal education policy should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated. .

289. GDA-5995 Elementary and secondary education policy should follow the path outlined by Milton Friedman in 1955, wherein education is publicly funded but education decisions are made by families. .

290. GDA-5996 Ultimately, every parent should have the option to direct his or her child's share of education funding through an education savings account (ESA), funded overwhelmingly by state and local taxpayers, which would empower parents to choose a set of education options that meet their child's unique needs. .

291. GDA-5997 States are eager to lead in K-12 education. .

292. GDA-5999 For example, in 2011, Arizona first piloted ESAs, which provide families roughly 90 percent of what the state would have spent on that child in public school to be used instead on education options such as private school tuition, online courses, and tutoring. .

293. GDA-6001 The future of education freedom and reform in the states is bright and will shine brighter when regulations and red tape from Washington are eliminated. .

294. GDA-6003 It raises the cost of education without raising student achievement. .

295. GDA-6004 To the extent that federal taxpayer dollars are used to fund education programs, those funds should be block- granted to states without strings, eliminating the need for many federal and state bureaucrats. .

296. GDA-6006 Although student loans and grants should ultimately be restored to the private sector (or, at the very least, the federal government should revisit its role as a guarantor, rather than direct lender) federal postsecondary education investments should bolster economic growth, and recipient institutions should nourish academic freedom and embrace intellectual diversity. .

297. GDA-6007 That has not, however, been the track record of federal higher education policy or of the many institutions of higher education that are hostile to free expression, open academic inquiry, and American exceptionalism. .

298. GDA-6010 It should reflect a fuller picture of learning after high school, placing apprenticeship programs of all types and career and technical education on an even playing field with degrees from colleges and universities. .

299. GDA-6011 Rather than continuing to buttress a higher education establishment captured by woke "diversicrats" and a de facto monopoly enforced by the federal accreditation cartel, federal postsecondary education policy should prepare students for jobs in the dynamic economy, nurture institutional diversity, and expose schools to greater market forces.1 OVERVIEW For most of our history, the federal government played a minor role in education. .

300. GDA-6013 Department of Education (ED or the department). .

301. GDA-6016 In the case of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)2 and the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA),3 Congress sought to improve educational outcomes for disadvantaged students by providing additional compensatory funding for low-income children and lower-income college students. .

302. GDA-6021 Since 1965, Congress has continued to layer on dozens of new laws and programs as federal "solutions" to myriad education problems. .

303. GDA-6022 In 1973, it passed the Rehabilitation Act,5 and, in 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)6 to address educational neglect of students with disabilities. .

304. GDA-6023 In 2002, it created the Institute for Education Sciences to consolidate education data collection and fund research. .

305. GDA-6025 Perkins Career and Technical Education Acts, including Perkins V in 2018.7 Congress could have, and once did, distribute management of federal education programs outside of a single department. .

306. GDA-6026 But for those interested in expanding federal funding and influence in education, this unconsolidated approach was less than ideal, because a single, captive agency would allow them to promote their agenda more effectively across Administrations. .

307. GDA-6027 Eventually, the National Education Association made a deal and backed the right presidential candidate --- Jimmy Carter --- who successfully lobbied for and delivered the Cabinet-level agency. .

308. GDA-6029 Carter signed the Department of Education Organization Act8 into law in 1979, believing in part that it would reduce administrative costs and improve efficiency by housing most of the federal education programs that had proliferated in the wake of Johnson's War on Poverty under one roof. .

309. GDA-6031 Instead, special interest groups like the National Education Association (NEA), American Federation of Teachers (AFT), and the higher education lobby have leveraged the agency to continuously expand federal expenditures --- a desirable funding stream from their vantage point because federal budgets are not constrained like state and local budgets that must be balanced each year. .

310. GDA-6034 One recent example is the Biden Administration's requirement that state education agencies and school districts submit "equity" plans as a condition of receiving COVID recovery ESSER funds in the American Rescue Plan (ARP).9 This exercise led to the hiring of numerous new government employees as the rules were promulgated, plans were created after collecting public feedback, and those plans were eventually deemed satisfactory. .

311. GDA-6035 The next Administration will need a plan to redistribute the various congressionally approved federal education programs across the government, eliminate those that are ineffective or duplicative, and then eliminate the unproductive red tape and rules by entrusting states and districts with flexible, formula-driven block grants. .

312. GDA-6037 As the next Administration executes its work, it should be guided by a few core principles, including: l Advancing education freedom. .

313. GDA-6038 Empowering families to choose among a diverse set of education options is key to reform and improved outcomes, and it can be achieved without establishing a new federal program. .

314. GDA-6039 For example, portability of existing federal education spending to fund families directly or allowing federal tax credits to encourage voluntary contributions to K-12 education savings accounts managed by charitable nonprofits, could significantly advance education choice. .

315. GDA-6040 l Providing education choice for "federal" children. .

316. GDA-6043 l Restoring state and local control over education funding. .

317. GDA-6044 As Washington begins to downsize its intervention in education, existing funding should be sent to states as grants over which they have full control, enabling states to put federal funding toward any lawful education purpose under state law. .

318. GDA-6046 Taxpayers should expect their investments in higher education to generate economic productivity. .

319. GDA-6047 When the federal government lends money to individuals for a postsecondary education, taxpayers should expect those borrowers to repay. .

320. GDA-6057 Bolstered by an ever-growing cabal of special interests that thrive off federal largesse, the infrastructure that supports America's costly federal intervention in education from early childhood through graduate school has entrenched itself. .

321. GDA-6058 But, unlike the public sector bureaucracies, public employee unions, and the higher education lobby, families and students do not need a Department of Education to learn, grow, and improve their lives. .

322. GDA-6059 It is critical that the next Administration tackle this entrenched infrastructure. .

323. GDA-6060 NEEDED REFORMS Federal intervention in education has failed to promote student achievement. .

324. GDA-6062 On the main National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), reading outcomes on the 2022 administration have remained unchanged over the past 30 years. .

325. GDA-6070 Additionally, the department has created a "shadow" department of education operating in states across the country. .

326. GDA-6071 Federal mandates, programs, and proclamations have spurred a hiring spree among state education agencies, with more than 48,000 employees currently on staff in state agencies across the country. .

327. GDA-6072 Those employees are more than 10 times the number of employees (4,400)10 at the federal Department of Education, and their jobs largely entail reporting back to Washington. .

328. GDA-6073 Research conducted by The Heritage Foundation's Jonathan Butcher finds that the federal government funds 41 percent of the salary costs of state education agencies.11 A heritage.orgSOURCES: The Nation's Report Card, "National Average Scores," Grade 4, https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ reading/nation/scores/?grade=4 (accessed March 17, 2023), and The Nation's Report Card, "National Average Scores," Grade 8, https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading/nation/scores/?grade=4 (accessed March 17, 2023). .

329. GDA-6075 In 1998, a commission led by Representative Pete Hoekstra released a critical report based on extensive fieldwork, interviews, and analysis of the Department of Education. .

330. GDA-6076 The report, Education at a Crossroads: What Works and What's Wasted in Education Today, detailed the suffocating bureaucratic red tape Carter's agency had wrapped around states.12 The commission estimated that states completed nearly 50 million hours of paperwork just to get their federal education spending, which at that time, they estimated, resulted in just 65 cents to 70 cents of each federal taxpayer dollar making its way to the classroom. .

331. GDA-6079 The labyrinthian nature of federal education programs --- convoluted funding formulas, competitive grant applications, reporting requirements, etc. .

332. GDA-6081 Streamlining existing programs and funding so that dollars are sent to states through straightforward per-pupil allocations or in the form of grants that states can put toward any lawful education purpose under state law would bring a needed easing of the federal compliance burden. .

333. GDA-6082 The federal government should confine its involvement in education policy to that of a statistics-gathering agency that disseminates information to the states. .

334. GDA-6083 To improve educational opportunities for all Americans, the next Administration should work with Congress to pass a Department of Education Reorganization Act to reform, eliminate, or move the department's programs and offices to appropriate agencies. .

335. GDA-6085 PROGRAM AND OFFICE PRIORITIZATION WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (OESE) The OESE is comprised of 36 programs, ranging from Title I, Part A, of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and Impact Aid, to programs for Native American students and the D.C. .

336. GDA-6093 l Move student-driven Impact Aid programs to the Department of Defense Education Authority (DoDEA) or the Department of Interior's Bureau of Indian Education. .

337. GDA-6094 l Transfer all Indian education programs to the Bureau of Indian Education. .

338. GDA-6099 Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education l Transfer the Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education's few programs to the Department of Labor, but l Move the Tribally Controlled Postsecondary Career and Technical Education Program to the Bureau of Indian Education. .

339. GDA-6100 Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) houses nearly two dozen programs, ranging from funding for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the National Technical Institute for the Deaf to Special Olympics Funding and the American Printing House for the Blind. .

340. GDA-6101 l Most IDEA funding should be converted into a no-strings formula block grant targeted at students with disabilities and distributed directly to local education agencies by Health and Human Service's Administration for Community Living. .

341. GDA-6102 l Transfer the Vocational Rehabilitation Grants for Native American students to the Bureau of Indian Education. .

342. GDA-6105 Office for Postsecondary Education (OPE) l The next Administration should work with Congress to eliminate or move OPE programs to ETA at the Department of Labor. .

343. GDA-6108 Institute of Education Sciences (IES) l Move ED's statistical office, the National Commission for Education Statistics (NCES), to the Department of Commerce's Census Bureau. .

344. GDA-6121 For example, OGC higher education lawyers would join the newly independent Federal Student Aid Office or the Department of Labor, and OGC civil rights attorneys would join DOJ. .

345. GDA-6124 Current Laws Relating to the Department of Education That Require Repeal In order to fully wind down the Department of Education, Congress must pass and the President must sign into law a Department of Education Reorganization Act (or Liquidating Authority Act) to direct the executive branch on how to devolve the agency as a stand-alone Cabinet-level department. .

346. GDA-6125 l Congress should pass and the next President should sign a Department of Education Reorganization Act. .

347. GDA-6126 Current Regulations Promulgated by or Relevant to the Agency That Should Be Rolled Back or Eliminated While the next Administration works to distribute department programs across the federal government, it will need to thoroughly review the many education- related regulations promulgated by the Biden Administration. .

348. GDA-6128 Ford Federal Direct Loan Program Final Regulations; (4) Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance (Title IX); and (5) Assistance to States for the Education of Children with Disabilities, Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities (Equity in IDEA). .

349. GDA-6131 l Thoroughly review the many education-related regulations promulgated by the Biden Administration, as well as the school meals program and the Income-Driven student loan program. .

350. GDA-6132 Charter School Grant Programs Congress first authorized the Charter School Program (CSP) in 1994 [Title X, Part C of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), as amended, 20 U.S.C. .

351. GDA-6142 Ford Federal Direct Loan Program Final Regulations Effective July 1, 2023, the department promulgated final regulations addressing loan forgiveness under the HEA's provisions for borrower defense to repayment ("BDR"), closed school loan discharge ("CSLD"), and public service loan forgiveness ("PSLF"). .

352. GDA-6147 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance (Title IX) With its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking published on July 12, 2022, the Biden Education Department seeks to gut the hard-earned rights of women with its changes to the department's regulations implementing Title IX, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in educational programs and activities. .

353. GDA-6148 Instead, the Biden Administration has sought to trample women's and girls' athletic opportunities and due process on campus, threaten free speech and religious liberty, and erode parental rights in elementary and secondary education regarding sensitive issues of sex. .

354. GDA-6151 l Work with Congress to amend Title IX to include due process requirements; define "sex" under Title IX to mean only biological sex recognized at birth; and strengthen protections for faith-based educational institutions, programs, and activities. .

355. GDA-6157 Supreme Court's opinion in Bostock, threatens the American system of federalism, removes important due process protections for students in higher education, and puts girls and women in danger of physical harm. .

356. GDA-6165 l The OCR Assistant Secretary should prepare a report of OCR's actions for the new Secretary of Education, who should --- by speech or letter --- publicize the nature of the overreach engaged in by his predecessor. .

357. GDA-6166 l The Secretary should make it clear that FERPA allows parents full access to their children's educational records, so any practice of paperwork obfuscation on this front violates federal law. .

358. GDA-6178 But if the next conservative Department of Education simply rescinds the Biden-era regulation, it could very easily be enforced again on Day One through a Dear Colleague Letter by another leftist Administration. .

359. GDA-6182 Assistance to States for the Education of Children with Disabilities; Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities (Equity in IDEA) l Effective January 18, 2017, the department issued final regulations under Part B of IDEA that require states to consider race and ethnicity in the identification, placement, and discipline of students with disabilities. .

360. GDA-6184 Students should never be denied access to special education services because of their race or ethnicity, but this is happening in school districts across the country thanks to the Obama Administration's Equity in IDEA regulation. .

361. GDA-6186 The Obama Administration looked at the racial statistics on special education assignment and made two assumptions: that African American students were disproportionately overrepresented, and that this overrepresentation constituted a harm that required federal pressure to ameliorate. .

362. GDA-6187 School districts deemed to overrepresent minority students in special education assignment, or in discipline amongst special education students, are tagged by their state education agencies as engaging in "significant disproportionality," and are required to reallocate 15 percent of their IDEA Part B money into coordinated early intervening services that are intended to address the "root causes of disproportionality." In practice, this can mean raiding special education funding to pay for CRT-inspired "equity" consultants and professional development. .

363. GDA-6189 Special education services provide extra assistance to students; they do not harm them. .

364. GDA-6190 And according to the most rigorous research on the subject, conducted by Penn State's Paul Morgan, black students are actually underrepresented in special education once adequate statistical controls are made. .

365. GDA-6194 l The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) should prepare a digest of the best research on this subject and share it directly with state superintendents and state special education leaders across the country, who have been led by this regulation to believe a false problem diagnosis. .

366. GDA-6200 Now, the USDA is threatening to withhold federal taxpayer spending for these meals from schools that do not implement Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 so that the term "sex" is replaced with "sexual orientation and gender identity" (SOGI). .

367. GDA-6215 OTHER STRUCTURAL REFORMS THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION REQUIRES Reform Federal Education Data Collection The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and other data collections currently release data by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, English language proficiency, disability, and sex. .

368. GDA-6216 However, one of the most important --- if not the most important --- factor influencing student educational achievement and attainment is family structure. .

369. GDA-6217 As education scholar Ian Rowe has noted, NAEP already collects data on students' family structure; it just does not make those data publicly available. .

370. GDA-6218 l The Department of Education (or whichever agency collects such data long term) should make student data available by family structure to the public, including as part of its Data Explorer tool. .

371. GDA-6220 l Data collection efforts in higher education should also be improved by housing higher education data at the Department of Labor. .

372. GDA-6221 This would provide more transparency in evaluating postsecondary education and workforce training program outcomes; contextualize those results based on trends observed more generally; enable the adjusting of real wages to account for regional differences in earnings and cost of living; and develop a reliable methodology for risk adjusting institutional and program outcomes to more accurately reflect the value added of education programs (as opposed to their admissions selectivity). .

373. GDA-6222 Currently the Department of Education relies on graduation rates and average earnings as proxies for educational quality. .

374. GDA-6226 Such confounding factors make it difficult to isolate the impact of educational quality versus socioeconomic factors on student outcomes. .

375. GDA-6227 The Department of Health and Human Services faced similar challenges in trying to evaluate healthcare outcomes since social determinants of health result in worse health outcomes among those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, have low educational attainment levels, have struggled with addiction, or have poor diet and exercise habits. .

376. GDA-6229 Higher education outcomes data should be similarly "risk adjusted" to more carefully isolate the impact of educational quality versus socioeconomic status and other factors on college outcomes. .

377. GDA-6231 Department of Education is required by statute14 to engage in negotiated rulemaking prior to promulgating new regulations under Subchapter 1 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act as well as Subchapters II (Teacher Quality Enhancements) and IV of the Higher Education Act of 1964 (Student Assistance). .

378. GDA-6236 The department's master calendar (which requires final rules to be published by October 1 if they are to be implemented by July 1st of the subsequent year) compounds the problem, making it unduly challenging to update regulations as needed to keep pace with changes in education, finance, accounting, pedagogy, and student assessment. .

379. GDA-6241 l The Department of Education should work with Congress to amend the HEA to eliminate the negotiated rulemaking requirement. .

380. GDA-6244 l The new Administration must end the prior Administration's abuse of the agency's payment pause and HEA loan forgiveness programs, including borrower defense to repayment, closed school discharge, and Public Service Loan Forgiveness. .

381. GDA-6247 This would allow for market prices and signals to influence educational borrowing, introducing consumer-driven accountability into higher education. .

382. GDA-6259 When the nation's largest teacher association, the National Education Association (NEA), cites its federal charter, it lends the NEA a level of significance and suggests an effectiveness that is not supported by evidence. .

383. GDA-6260 In fact, the NEA and the nation's other large teacher union, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), use litigation and other efforts to block school choice and advocate for additional taxpayer spending in education. .

384. GDA-6262 All of these positions run contrary to robust research evidence showing positive outcomes for students from education choice policies; there is no conclusive evidence that more taxpayer spending on schools improves student outcomes; and evidence finds that keeping schools closed to in-person learning resulted in negative emotional and academic outcomes for students. .

385. GDA-6264 l Congress should rescind the National Education Association's congressional charter and remove the false impression that federal taxpayers support the political activities of this special interest group. .

386. GDA-6268 Parental Rights in Education and Safeguarding Students l Federal officials should protect educators and students in jurisdictions under federal control from racial discrimination by reinforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and prohibiting compelled speech. .

387. GDA-6269 Specifically, no teacher or student in Washington, D.C., public schools, Bureau of Indian Education schools, or Department of Defense schools should be compelled to believe, profess, or adhere to any idea, but especially ideas that violate state and federal civil rights laws. .

388. GDA-6281 Advancing Legal Protections for Parental Rights in Education While the U.S. .

389. GDA-6294 Two federal laws provide certain privacy protections for students attending educational institutions or programs funded by the department. .

390. GDA-6295 The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) protects the privacy of student education records and allows parents and students over the age of 18 to inspect and review the student's education records maintained by the school and to request corrections to those records. .

391. GDA-6296 FERPA also authorizes a number of exceptions to this records privacy protection that allow schools to disclose the student's education records without the consent or knowledge of the parent or student. .

392. GDA-6300 Department of Education, which must then work with the school to obtain compliance before taking any action to suspend or terminate federal financial assistance. .

393. GDA-6302 The department has never suspended or terminated the funding for an educational institution or agency for violating FERPA or PPRA. .

394. GDA-6304 l The next Administration should work with Congress to amend FERPA and PPRA to provide parents and students over the age of 18 years with a private right of action to seek injunctive and declaratory relief, together with attorneys' fees and costs if a prevailing party, against educational institutions and agencies that violate rights enshrined in these statutes. .

395. GDA-6305 This will empower parents and students, level the playing field between families and education bureaucracies, and encourage institutional compliance with these statutory requirements. .

396. GDA-6320 The next Administration should work with Congress to provide an example to state lawmakers by requiring K-12 districts under federal jurisdiction, including Washington, D.C., public schools, Bureau of Indian Education schools, and Department of Defense schools, with legislation stating that: l No public education employee or contractor shall use a name to address a student other than the name listed on a student's birth certificate, without the written permission of a student's parents or guardians. .

397. GDA-6321 l No public education employee or contractor shall use a pronoun in addressing a student that is different from that student's biological sex without the written permission of a student's parents or guardians. .

398. GDA-6322 l No public institution may require an education employee or contractor to use a pronoun that does not match a person's biological sex if contrary to the employee's or contractor's religious or moral convictions. .

399. GDA-6332 l All families should be able to take their children's taxpayer-funded education dollars to the education providers of their choosing --- whether it be a public school or a private school. .

400. GDA-6335 Provide Education Choice for Populations Under the Jurisdiction of Congress The federal government oversees three school systems that Washington should transform into examples of quality learning environments for every child in those systems: students attending schools in Washington, D.C.; students in active-duty military families, including students attending schools operated by the U.S. .

401. GDA-6336 Department of Defense; and students attending schools on tribal lands, which include schools under the Bureau of Indian Education. .

402. GDA-6337 In each of these systems, federal lawmakers should allow every student the option of using an education savings account so that parents can select different education products and services to meet their child's needs. .

403. GDA-6341 l Federal lawmakers should offer District students the opportunity to use education savings accounts. .

404. GDA-6342 A portion of a child's federal education spending should be deposited in a private spending account that parents can use to pay for personal tutors, education therapists, books and curricular materials, private school tuition, transportation and more --- accounts modeled after the accounts in Arizona, Florida, West Virginia, and seven other states. .

405. GDA-6343 l Members of Congress should design the same account system for students in active-duty military families, including students attending schools that receive funding under the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA).18 Heritage Foundation research found that if even 10 percent of the students eligible for accounts under such a proposal transferred from an assigned school to an education savings account, the change for the sending district would be 0.1 percent of that school district's K-12 budget. .

406. GDA-6345 Yet these children would then have the chance to receive a customized education that meets their unique needs. .

407. GDA-6346 As with state ESA programs, families who are homeschooling are distinct in statute from families who use an ESA to customize an education at home. .

408. GDA-6347 Furthermore, research from the Claremont Institute used documents provided by a whistleblower demonstrating how educators at Department of Defense schools around the world are using radical gender theory and critical race theory in their lessons. .

409. GDA-6349 Such ideas are highly unpopular among parents, according to nationally representative surveys, and the course material attempts to indoctrinate students with radical ideas about race and the ambiguous concept of "gender." Finally, schools on tribal lands and under the auspices of the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) are among the worst-performing public schools in the country. .

410. GDA-6352 In 2015, Arizona lawmakers expanded the state's education savings account program to include children living on tribal lands, and by 2021, nearly 400 Native American children were using the accounts. .

411. GDA-6353 l Federal officials should design a federal education savings account option for all children attending BIE schools. .

412. GDA-6354 The next Administration should make the K-12 systems under federal jurisdiction examples of quality learning opportunities and education freedom. .

413. GDA-6356 Expand Education Choice Through Portability of Existing Federal Funds Setting education policy on the right track long term would require sunsetting the U.S. .

414. GDA-6357 Department of Education altogether. .

415. GDA-6360 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the federal law governing taxpayer spending on K-12 students with special needs. .

416. GDA-6361 The law stipulates that students have a right to a "free and appropriate education," and 95 percent of children with special needs attend assigned public schools. .

417. GDA-6362 The education is not always appropriate, however: Special education is fraught with legal battles. .

418. GDA-6363 Some argue that the education of children with special needs is the most litigated area of K-12 education. .

419. GDA-6364 Thus, despite a nearly 50-year-old federal law that sees regular revision and reauthorization and approximately $13.5 billion per year in federal taxpayer spending, parents still struggle to establish intervention plans for their students with public school district officials regarding the physical and educational requirements for their children with special needs. .

420. GDA-6365 State-level education options often exclusively serve children with special needs for these very reasons. .

421. GDA-6366 Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Mississippi, South Carolina, and North Carolina, to name a few states, all have education savings accounts or K-12 private school scholarship options for children with special needs. .

422. GDA-6370 l IDEA already allows families to choose a private school under certain conditions, but federal officials should update the law so that families can use their child's IDEA spending for textbooks, education therapies, personal tutors, and other learning expenses, similar to the way in which parents use education savings accounts in states such as Arizona and Florida. .

423. GDA-6371 These micro-education savings accounts would give the families of children with special needs approximately $1,800 per child to help meet a child's unique learning needs. .

424. GDA-6372 l Members of Congress and the White House should consider a similar update to Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). .

425. GDA-6373 Title I is the largest portion of federal taxpayer spending under this federal education law, and the section provides additional taxpayer resources to schools or groups of schools in lower income areas. .

426. GDA-6377 And recent, dismal outcomes on the National Assessment of Educational Progress showed declines for all students, with math scores registering declines for the first time in history. .

427. GDA-6379 l Students attending schools that receive Title I spending should also have access to micro-education savings accounts that allow families to choose how and where their children learn according to their needs. .

428. GDA-6381 l Over a 10-year period, the federal spending should be phased out and states should assume decision-making control over how to provide a quality education to children from low-income families. .

429. GDA-6383 l Though actions by state lawmakers are essential and any federal policies should be strictly designed so they do not conflict with state activities, Congress could consider school choice legislation such as the Educational Choice for Children Act. .

430. GDA-6385 Eligible families could then use that funding from the SGOs for their children's education expenses including private school tuition, tutoring, and instructional materials. .

431. GDA-6386 ADDITIONAL K-12 REFORMS Allowing States to Opt Out of Federal Education Programs. .

432. GDA-6387 States should be able to opt out of federal education programs such as the Academic Partnerships Lead Us to Success (APLUS) Act. .

433. GDA-6389 This regulatory burden far exceeds the federal government's less than 10 percent financing share of K-12 education. .

434. GDA-6390 In the most recent fiscal year (FY 2022), states and localities financed 93 percent of K-12 education costs, and the federal government just 7 percent. .

435. GDA-6391 That 7 percent share should not allow the federal government to dictate state and local education policy. .

436. GDA-6392 l To restore state and local control of education and reduce the bureaucratic and compliance burden, Congress should allow states to opt out of the dozens of federal K-12 education programs authorized under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and instead allow states to put their share of federal funding toward any lawful education purpose under state law. .

437. GDA-6394 HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM HEA: Accreditation Reform Congress established two primary responsibilities for the U.S. .

438. GDA-6395 Department of Education in the HEA: 1) to ensure the "administrative capacity and financial responsibility" of colleges and universities that accept Title IV funds; and 2) to ensure the quality of those institutions. .

439. GDA-6396 Congress did not endow the Department of Education with the authority to involve itself in academic quality issues relating to colleges and universities that participate in the Title IV student aid program; the HEA allows the agency only to recognize accreditors, which are then supposed to provide quality assurance measures. .

440. GDA-6401 Unnecessarily focused on schools in a specific geographic region, institutional accreditation reviews have also become wildly expensive audits by academic "peers" that stifle innovation and discourage new institutions of higher education. .

441. GDA-6408 The next Administration should work with Congress to amend the HEA and should consider the following reforms: l Prohibit accreditation agencies from leveraging their Title IV gatekeeper role to mandate that educational institutions adopt diversity, equity, and inclusion policies. .

442. GDA-6409 l Protect the sovereignty of states to decide governance and leadership issues for their state-supported colleges and universities by prohibiting accreditation agencies from intruding upon the governance of state-supported educational institutions. .

443. GDA-6421 This would allow for market prices and signals to influence educational borrowing, introducing consumer-driven accountability into higher education. .

444. GDA-6434 l Further, the next Administration should propose that Congress amend the HEA to remove the department's authority to forgive loans based on borrower defense to repayment; instead, the department should be authorized to discharge loans only in instances where clear and convincing evidence exists to demonstrate that an educational institution engaged in fraud toward a borrower in connection with his or her enrollment in the institution and the student's educational program or activity at the institution. .

445. GDA-6441 NEW REGULATIONS Attacking the Accreditation Cartel For a college to participate in federal financial aid programs, it must be accredited, but accreditors have been abusing their quasi-regulatory power to impose non-educational requirements and ideological preferences on colleges. .

446. GDA-6442 l The Secretary of Education should refuse to recognize all accreditors that abuse their power. .

447. GDA-6444 Confronting the Chinese Communist Party's Influence on Higher Education According to media reports, more than 100 universities in the U.S. .

448. GDA-6451 Allowing Competency-Based Education to Flourish Competency-based education is a promising approach that could provide a high-quality and affordable education to many students. .

449. GDA-6455 l New regulations should clarify the definition and requirements of regular and substantive interaction for competency-based education, as well as for online programs. .

450. GDA-6457 l In the meantime, the next Administration should promulgate a new regulation to require the Secretary of Education to allocate at least 40 percent of funding to international business programs that teach about free markets and economics and require institutions, faculty, and fellowship recipients to certify that they intend to further the stated statutory goals of serving American interests. .

451. GDA-6472 l Eliminate the "list of shame." Educational institutions can claim a religious exemption with the Office for Civil Rights at the Department of Education from the strictures of Title IX. .

452. GDA-6473 In 2016, the Obama Administration published on the Department of Education's website a list of colleges that had applied for the exemption. .

453. GDA-6476 NEW AGENCY POLICIES THAT DON'T REQUIRE NEW LEGISLATION OR REGULATIONS TO ENACT Transparency of FERPA and PPRA Complaints l The Department of Education should be transparent about complaints filed on behalf of families regarding the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA). .

454. GDA-6477 l At the same time, the Department of Education should develop a portal and resources for parents on their rights under FERPA and PPRA. .

455. GDA-6486 Transparency Around Program Performance and DEI Influence The next President should issue a series of executive orders requiring: l An accounting of how federal programs/grants spread DEI/CRT/ gender ideology, l A review of outcomes for GEAR UP and the 21st Century grants programs, l The reissuing of the report on school safety from 2018 with updated information, l The release of a report to Congress on how to consolidate the department and trim nonessential employees, l A report on the negative influence of action civics on students' understanding of history and civics and their disposition toward the United States, l An update of the Coleman report to show the impact of family structure on student achievement, l A full accounting of CARES Act education expenditures, and l A report on how many dollars make their way to the classroom in every federal education grant and program. .

456. GDA-6492 Department of Education have risen from $14 billion in 1980 to $95.5 billion in 2021, an astounding increase, especially in light of the lack of improvements in student outcomes. .

457. GDA-6495 Department of Education to other agencies and eliminating duplicative and ineffective programs would yield significant taxpayer savings. .

458. GDA-6499 Competitive grant programs operated by the Department of Education should be eliminated, and federal spending should be reduced to reflect remaining formula grant programs authorized under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) and the handful of other programs that do not fall under the competitive/ project grant category. .

459. GDA-6501 Department of Education, Total AppropriationsIN BILLIONS OF DOLLARS                A heritage.orgNOTE: Totals include mandatory and discretionary appropriations. .

460. GDA-6503 Department of Education, "Budget History Tables," Education Department Budget History Table, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/history/index.html (accessed March 17, 2023). .

461. GDA-6504 $95.5$14 of Education, such as large formula grant programs for K-12 education, should be reduced by 10 percent. .

462. GDA-6515 Personnel The Department of Education currently employs approximately 4,400 individuals. .

463. GDA-6522 Milton Friedman, The Role of Government in Education (1955), https://la.utexas.edu/users/ hcleaver/330T/350kPEEFriedmanRoleOfGovttable.pdf (accessed February 28, 2023). .

464. GDA-6523 2. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Public Law 89-10. .

465. GDA-6524 3. Higher Education Act of 1965, Public Law 89-329. .

466. GDA-6527 6. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Public Law 94-142. .

467. GDA-6528 7. Perkins Career and Technical Education Acts, Perkins IV, Public Law 109-270. .

468. GDA-6530 510, Department of Education Organization Act, Public Law 96-88. .

469. GDA-6534 Department of Education, Overview and Mission Statement, https://www2.ed.gov/about/landing. .

470. GDA-6536 11. Jonathan Butcher, "Who Signs Your Paycheck?" Education Next, https://www.educationnext.org/who-signs- your-paycheck-federal-influence-state-education-agencies/#_edn1 (last updated, April 9, 2018). .

471. GDA-6537 12. Education at a Crossroads: What Works and What's Wasted in Education Today, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Education and the Workforce, U.S. .

472. GDA-6545 Under subchapter I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (Improving the Academic Achievement of the Disadvantaged) and Section 20 U.S.C. .

473. GDA-6558 18. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022. .

474. GDA-6559 19. National Center for Education Statistics, "Fast Facts: Title I," https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=158 (accessed February 28, 2023). .

475. GDA-6576 At the same time, adversaries like China, Russia, North Korea, Iran, and non-state actors are constantly engaged in cyberattacks against our energy infrastructure. .

476. GDA-6577 We have already seen what supposedly "minor" attacks, such as the cyberattack on the Colonial Oil Pipeline1 or the physical attack on electric infrastructure in North Carolina,2 can do. .

477. GDA-6583 l Support repeal of massive spending bills like the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)3 and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA),4 which established new programs and are providing hundreds of billions of dollars in subsidies to renewable energy developers, their investors, and special interests, and support the rescinding of all funds not already spent by these programs. .

478. GDA-6587 l Secure and protect energy infrastructure from cyber and physical attacks. .

479. GDA-6597 The National Labs have been critical in supporting national defense and ensuring that the United States leads on scientific discoveries with transformative applications that benefit America and the world. .

480. GDA-6612 Beyond these core responsibilities, DOE currently administers billions of dollars that support research and commercialization of energy technology, provides loans to the private sector for energy infrastructure and technology commercialization, and issues energy efficiency standards for appliances. .

481. GDA-6617 New Policies: Energy To ensure that the American people have access to abundant, affordable, and reliable energy, DESAS's energy role should be focused on: l Working with the energy industry and networks to ensure energy infrastructure security through science and coordination with the private sector. .

482. GDA-6625 Protecting American infrastructure from cyber and physical threats, both natural and human, is vital to national security, the economy, and the well-being of the American people. .

483. GDA-6627 DESAS should: l Focus on studying threats to the electric grid, natural gas, and oil infrastructure; sharing such information with the energy industry; promoting the reliability and security of energy resources and infrastructure; and developing strategies and technologies to combat threats by working with the National Labs. .

484. GDA-6630 CESER would work with the existing or reconstituted versions (as described in more detail below) of the Office of Electricity (OE); Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); Office of Fossil Energy (FE), currently the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM); Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); and the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) to identify and address threats to energy infrastructure.7 Instead of trying to decarbonize the American economy and allocating taxpayer dollars for commercialization of energy technologies, these offices would focus on energy security by identifying threats to energy supplies and infrastructure, developing strategies to address those threats, and funding fundamental science and technology where appropriate. .

485. GDA-6666 This strategy would take account of the energy landscape across the globe to inform the President in his foreign policy and defense roles, but it should not be a tool for U.S. .

486. GDA-6672 The existing Assistant Secretary for International Affairs should provide the principal support for the DOE Secretary and Deputy Secretary on National Security Council (NSC) activities and should interface with colleagues at the Departments of Defense, State, Treasury, and Commerce, as well as the Intelligence Community (IC). .

487. GDA-6704 critical energy infrastructure to all hazards," to "mitigate the impacts of disruptive events and risk to the sector overall through preparedness and innovation," and to "respond to and facilitate recovery from energy disruptions in collaboration with other Federal agencies, the private sector, and State, local, tribal, and territory governments."18 Needed Reforms The threats to U.S. .

488. GDA-6705 energy infrastructure are real and persistent, and CESER's role --- working to support national security by working with the private sector to ensure energy security --- is a proper one for government. .

489. GDA-6708 New Policies CESER should be refocused to prioritize the cybersecurity, physical security, and resilience of critical infrastructure. .

490. GDA-6710 Budget CESER received $177 million for FY 2022 under the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2022,21 and $550 million through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.22 The FY 2023 budget request is for $202 million.23 In addition, the White House has sent a letter to Congress requesting additional appropriations of $500 million to modernize the SPR.24 OFFICE OF ELECTRICITY (OE) Mission/Overview OE was created after the 2003 blackouts to improve grid reliability and energy assurance.25 OE works to defend and promote the reliability and resiliency of the electric grid through power grid modeling and analytics, cyber resilience programs, and coordination with private-sector electricity providers. .

491. GDA-6711 It also works to identify Defense Critical Electric Infrastructure. .

492. GDA-6721 OE (along with CESER if they are combined) should focus on the security of critical infrastructure equipment used in the bulk power system as envisioned in President Trump's May 2020 Executive Order 13920 and a related December 2020 Prohibition Order,26 which was revoked in April 2021 by President Biden.27 In addition, CESER/OE should: 1. .

493. GDA-6723 2. Continue to focus on Defense Critical Electric Infrastructure. .

494. GDA-6792 GRID DEPLOYMENT OFFICE (GDO) Mission/Overview The Grid Deployment Office was established to implement parts of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. .

495. GDA-6821 transmission and distribution grids."52 Overall, the "$21.5 billion provided by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law"53 supports several OCED programs: l Advanced Reactor Demonstration Projects ($2.5 billion). .

496. GDA-6833 energy infrastructure," serve "as a bridge to bankability for breakthrough projects and technologies," and "de-risk[] them at early stages of investment so they can be developed at commercial scale and achieve market acceptance."55 The Biden Administration directed the program to subsidize the Administration's "net zero" energy transition away from conventional fuels by 2050 and to promote union jobs and domestic supply chains.56 The LPO coordinates with the U.S. .

497. GDA-6837 IRA also created the Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment (EIR) Financing Program (1706) which can support up to $250B in loan authority. .

498. GDA-6838 The CO2 Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (CIFIA) --- authorized by the [bipartisan infrastructure law], appropriates $2.1B to support approximately $25B in flexible, low-interest loans. .

499. GDA-6844 l Limit the use of new loan or loan guarantee authority to projects that will promote the reliability and resilience of the electric grid and other energy infrastructure and support national security objectives. .

500. GDA-6846 ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY-ENERGY (ARPA-E) Mission/Overview ARPA-E was created in 2007 as part of the America Competes (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology Education) Act.59 Its statutory goals are "to enhance the economic and energy security of the United States through the development of energy technologies" that reduce "imports of energy from foreign sources;" reduce "energy-related emissions, including greenhouse gases;" improve "the energy efficiency of all economic sectors;" and "ensure that the United States maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies."60 Some in Congress see ARPA-E as beneficial because the COMPETES Act provides it with more bureaucratic flexibility than other federal programs are allowed. .

501. GDA-6862 The Trump Administration took a less aggressive approach in Executive Order 13834, which specified that "each agency shall prioritize actions that reduce waste, cut costs, enhance the resilience of Federal infrastructure and operations, and enable more effective accomplishment of its mission."64 New Policies A conservative Administration should follow the language of Executive Order 13834 and direct federal agencies to "reduce waste, cut costs, enhance the resilience of Federal infrastructure and operations, and enable more effective accomplishment of its mission." For FEMP, this means focusing on helping federal agencies to follow the law and use energy efficiently and cost-effectively. .

502. GDA-6864 CLEAN ENERGY CORPS Mission/Overview Under the IIJA, "the Clean Energy Corps is charged with investing more than $62 billion to deliver a more equitable clean energy future for the American people[.]" 67 The Corps says that it will "focus on deploying next generation clean energy technology" to "help America meet its goals of a carbon-free power sector in 2035 and a decarbonized economy in 2050."68 Needed Reforms The Clean Energy Corps is a taxpayer-funded program to create new government jobs for employees "who will work together to research, develop, demonstrate, and deploy solutions to climate change." DOE anticipates recruiting "an additional 1,000 employees using a special hiring authority included in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law."69 Taxpayers should not have to fund a cadre of federal employees to promote a partisan political agenda. .

503. GDA-6915 In addition, senior political and career staff should hold positions on the NSC staff equivalent to their counterparts at State, Defense, Treasury, and the Intelligence Community (IC). .

504. GDA-6934 OFFICE OF INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE (IAC) Mission/Overview DOE's Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence "is responsible for all intelligence and counterintelligence activities throughout the DOE complex, including nearly thirty intelligence and counterintelligence offices nationwide." It "leverage[ s] the Energy Department's unmatched scientific and technological expertise in support of policymakers as well as national security missions in defense, homeland security, cyber security, intelligence, and energy security" and "is a member of the U.S. .

505. GDA-6952 This strategy could be prepared in conjunction with the White House National Security Strategy and the DOD National Defense Strategy to convey these priorities to Congress and design policy initiatives for their implementation. .

506. GDA-6953 Such a strategy could summarize cyber and physical threats to energy infrastructure, challenges involved in obtaining rare earth minerals to support domestic energy production and consumption, and foreign actions that threaten U.S. .

507. GDA-6974 The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act mark the major reorientation of DOE primarily from defense applications in the NNSA and basic and early applied science across SC and the applied offices to a massive federal research, development, demonstration, and commercialization body.83 Distraction from SC's basic science mission should be prevented. .

508. GDA-6984 The Administration should work with Congress to rationalize the National Lab network to meet specific national objectives (such as the NNSA laboratories' role in national defense) and conduct basic research that the private sector would not otherwise conduct. .

509. GDA-7016 According to both the scientific community and global experience, deep geologic storage is critical to any plan for the proper disposal of more than 75 years of defense waste and 80,000 tons of commercial spent nuclear fuel.95 Yucca Mountain remains a viable option for waste management, and DOE should recommit to working with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission as it reviews DOE's permit application for a repository. .

510. GDA-7045 A conservative Administration should: l Continue to develop new warheads for each branch of the triad (land, sea, and air defenses). .

511. GDA-7046 If possible, reverse the Biden Administration's decision to retire the B83 bomb (in order to maintain two aircraft-delivered warheads) and its decision to cancel the submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM).104 Also undertake an evaluation of the need for nuclear antisubmarine and air defense weapons in light of emerging threats. .

512. GDA-7064 Under the Federal Power Act, critical electric infrastructure security and issues like electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are addressed by both FERC and DOE.108 In addition, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act directed FERC to establish incentive-based rate treatments by encouraging utilities to invest in advanced cyber security technology and participate in cyber security threat information-sharing programs. .

513. GDA-7081 The threat of cyber and physical attacks on electric infrastructure by foreign actors like China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran, as well as terrorists, continues to grow. .

514. GDA-7088 l Expand and protect natural gas infrastructure in support of electric generation. .

515. GDA-7092 FERC, NERC, and DOE play key roles in balancing consumer, industrial, and national defense interests to ensure an ongoing reliable, plentiful, and accessible national electricity supply. .

516. GDA-7096 FERC and NERC need to enhance the security of the bulk power system by, for example, banning Chinese-made components, investing in transformers, and hardening substations and other critical infrastructure. .

517. GDA-7138 Socializing such costs is a form of subsidy for generators and will cause further price distortions in RTOs and ISOs that will make it less economical for reliable, dispatchable resources like coal, nuclear, and natural gas to stay operational and support reliability.119 Also, under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, DOE and FERC are granted authority to site and permit high-priority transmission lines as National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors (NIETCs). .

518. GDA-7182 Applications for Combined Operating Licenses (COLs) and design certifications that rely on light-water technology should generally be completed within two years. .

519. GDA-7197 3684, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Public Law No. .

520. GDA-7221 12. Including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, etc. .

521. GDA-7257 3684, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Public Law No. .

522. GDA-7268 Department of Energy, Office of Electricity, "Revocation of Prohibition Order Securing Critical Defense Facilities," Federal Register, Vol. .

523. GDA-7384 Department of Energy, "DOE Kicks Off Recruitment to Support Implementation of Bipartisan Infrastructure Law," January 13, 2022, https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-kicks-recruitment-support- implementation-bipartisan-infrastructure-law (accessed March 13, 2023). .

524. GDA-7465 S. 1059, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Public Law 106-65, 106th Congress, October 5, 1999, §§ 3201-3299, https://www.congress.gov/106/plaws/publ65/PLAW-106publ65.pdf (accessed February 14, 2023). .

525. GDA-7470 Department of Defense, 2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America, Including the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review and the 2022 Missile Defense Review, pp. .

526. GDA-7471 3 and 20, https://media.defense. .

527. GDA-7472 gov/2022/Oct/27/2003103845/-1/-1/1/2022-NATIONAL-DEFENSE-STRATEGY-NPR-MDR.PDF (accessed March 2, 2023). .

528. GDA-7632 l Eliminating the Office of Public Engagement and Environmental Education as a stand-alone entity and reabsorbing substantive elements into the Office of Public Affairs. .

529. GDA-7737 United States that "waters of the United States" can refer only to "relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water"¦as opposed to ordinarily dry channels through which water occasionally or intermittently flows."30 l A rule that provides clarity and regulatory certainty regarding the CWA Section 401 water quality certification process to limit unnecessary delay for needed projects, including by establishing a discharge-only approach with a limited scope (from point sources into navigable waters), assessing only water quality factors that are consistent with specific CWA sections, and excluding speculative analysis regarding future potential harm. .

530. GDA-7747 The Clean Water Act needs survey is the entire basis for how congressionally appropriated funds directed to state revolving funds --- standard annual appropriations that are the true underpinning of all infrastructure funding for drinking water and clean water --- are distributed by EPA across the country. .

531. GDA-7748 Because this program is currently underfunded, money is being thrown at untargeted locations while water infrastructure is crumbling at other locations. .

532. GDA-8130 The next Secretary must ensure that HHS programs protect children's minds and bodies and that HHS programs respect parents' basic right to direct the upbringing, education, and care of their children. .

533. GDA-8144 In the overwhelming number of cases, fathers insulate children from physical and sexual abuse, financial difficulty or poverty, incarceration, teen pregnancy, poor educational outcomes, high school failure, and a host of behavioral and psychological problems. .

534. GDA-8196 According to its mission statement, the agency focuses on "disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and health education activities." 6 It is not qualified to offer (and usually does not purport to offer) professional medical opinions applicable to specific patients. .

535. GDA-8208 The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the disastrous public health consequences of the CDC's failure to follow multiple congressional mandates to modernize its data infrastructure. .

536. GDA-8462 CMS should similarly revise CLIA rules regarding scope of practice for clinical laboratories and testing personnel.42 l Create CLIA-certification-equivalent pathways for non-clinical laboratories and researchers. .

537. GDA-8465 To accomplish this, CMS should create pathways for granting non-clinical laboratories and their testing personnel CLIA certification equivalency. .

538. GDA-8466 Non-clinical researchers already demonstrate their technical expertise through online training and certification programs. .

539. GDA-8487 DOJ should commit to litigating the defense of those funding decisions promptly to the Supreme Court in order to maximize HHS's ability to withdraw funds from entities that violate the Weldon Amendment. .

540. GDA-8556 Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) and Personal Responsibility Education Program (PREP). .

541. GDA-8566 These same parameters should apply to sex education programs at ACF. .

542. GDA-8569 HHS should create a list of criteria for evaluating the sort of curriculum that should be selected for any sex education grant programs, both at OASH and at ACF, with the aim of promoting optimal health and adhering to the legislative language of each program. .

543. GDA-8613 Healthy Marriage and Relationship Education (HMRE) Program. .

544. GDA-8616 l Utilize HMRE funding or grants to provide state-level high school education resources and curriculum on healthy marriages, sexual risk avoidance, and healthy relationships. .

545. GDA-8618 l Allow child welfare funding to be used for marriage and relationship education. .

546. GDA-8621 However, Congress could change the law to make it clear that Title II funding can be used for healthy marriage and relationship education. .

547. GDA-8623 States should consider using some of their Title IV-B funding for providing healthy marriage and relationship education for families at risk of having their children placed in foster care.65 l Provide educational information on healthy marriage and relationships at Title X family planning clinics. .

548. GDA-8629 Social science reports that assess the objective outcomes for children raised in homes aside from a heterosexual, intact marriage are clear: All other family forms involve higher levels of instability (the average length of same-sex marriages is half that of heterosexual marriages); financial stress or poverty; and poor behavioral, psychological, or educational outcomes. .

549. GDA-8638 Similar to Florida Governor Ron DeSantis's 2022 fatherhood bill, HMRF funds should be used to support national messaging campaigns that affirm the role fathers play in the lives of their children, that recognize the financial hardships the fathers themselves face, and that seek to provide relationship education to fathers who were raised without a father in the home. .

550. GDA-8708 2. Ensure that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) complies with all relevant conscience statutes and regulations and that states have taken the affirmative steps (for example, by issuing regulations) to assure compliance with Coats-Snowe. .

551. GDA-8715 And more than one in four of children (28%) who experience abuse or neglect are under 3 years old."72 Concurrently, children who spend significant time in day care experience higher rates of anxiety, depression, and neglect as well as poor educational and developmental outcomes. .

552. GDA-8717 l Provide education and resources on early childhood health. .

553. GDA-8719 This should include relationship education curricula that equip mothers and caregivers to connect with and improve their understanding of their infants, toddlers, and young children. .

554. GDA-8783 The Title X family planning program should be reframed with a focus on better education around fertility awareness and holistic family planning and a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Population Affairs that understands the program and is able to work within its legislative framework (ideally, an MD). .

555. GDA-8797 The President should invoke the Defense Production Act,79 which is a form of temporary takeover of private enterprises, only in the gravest circumstances. .

556. GDA-8854 OCR should also coordinate with the Department of Education on a public education and civil rights enforcement campaign to ensure that female college athletes who become pregnant are no longer pressured to obtain abortions; pursue race discrimination claims against entities that adopt or impose racially discriminatory policies such as those based on critical race theory; and announce its intention to enforce disability rights laws to protect children born prematurely, children with disabilities, and children born alive after abortions. .

557. GDA-9040 65. Report, Building a Happy Home: Marriage Education as a Tool to Strengthen Families, Social Capital Project Report No. .

558. GDA-9045 Hawkins, "Are Federally Supported Relationship Education Programs for Lower-Income Individuals and Couples Working? A Review of Evaluation Research," American Enterprise Institute, September 2019, https://www. .

559. GDA-9052 Children Deserve Better," Heritage Foundation Commentary, November 10, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/education/commentary/over-1000-safety- violations-mar-head-start-children-deserve-better. .

560. GDA-9100 Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, "Notification of Interpretation and Enforcement of Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972," Federal Register, Vol. .

561. GDA-9212 Before the Trump Administration, HUD effectively did not have a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for eight years, and HUD's financial infrastructure inevitably deteriorated. .

562. GDA-9215 Overall, the deterioration of HUD's financial infrastructure led to a lack of accountability with respect to the use of taxpayer funds as well as to pervasive difficulties with operations and program implementation. .

563. GDA-9216 However, by hiring a new CFO from the private sector with a proven track record of visionary leadership, HUD was able to implement an agencywide governance structure that improved its financial processes and internal controls and harnessed the power of innovative new technologies to bring a modernized business mindset to the agency's financial infrastructure. .

564. GDA-9394 Fulfills Indian trust responsibilities on behalf of 566 Indian tribes; supports natural resource education, law enforcement, and social service programs delivered by tribes; operates 182 elementary and secondary schools and dormitories and 29 tribally controlled community colleges, universities, and post-secondary schools. .

565. GDA-9432 A new Administration must immediately roll back Biden's orders, reinstate the Trump-era Energy Dominance Agenda, rescind Secretarial Order (SO) 3398, and review all regulations, orders, guidance documents, policies, and similar agency actions made in compliance with that order.18 Meanwhile, the new Administration must immediately reinstate the following Trump DOI secretarial orders: l SO 3348: Concerning the Federal Coal Moratorium;19 l SO 3349: American Energy Independence;20 l SO 3350: America-First Offshore Energy Strategy;21 l SO 3351: Strengthening the Department of the Interior's Energy Portfolio;22 l SO 3352: National Petroleum Reserve --- Alaska;23 l SO 3354: Supporting and Improving the Federal Onshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program and Federal Solid Mineral Leasing Program;24 l SO 3355: Streamlining National Environmental Policy Reviews and Implementation of Executive Order 13807, "Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects";25 l SO 3358: Executive Committee for Expedited Permitting;26 l SO 3360: Rescinding Authorities Inconsistent with Secretary's Order 3349, "American Energy Independence;"27 l SO 3380: Public Notice of the Costs Associated with Developing Department of the Interior Publications and Similar Documents;28 l SO 3385: Enforcement Priorities;29 and l SO 3389: Coordinating and Clarifying National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Reviews.30 Actions. .

566. GDA-9567 It has prevented multiple infrastructure projects, including roads, electric transmission lines, and water and sewer projects, and it forces residents to use a heavily subsidized ferry system. .

567. GDA-9619 l Clarify the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act94 to ensure consistent application with other federal infrastructure loan programs under the Federal Credit Reform Act. .

568. GDA-9620 This should be done to foster opportunities for locally led investment in water infrastructure. .

569. GDA-9632 l When ending COVID protocols at Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) schools, Biden's DOI failed to ensure an accurate accounting of students returning from school shutdowns, which presents a significant danger to the families that trust their children to that federal agency. .

570. GDA-9633 l The BIE is not reporting student academic assessment data to ensure parents and the larger tribal communities know their children are learning and are receiving a quality education. .

571. GDA-9701 3355: Streamlining National Environmental Policy Reviews and Implementation of Executive Order 13807, "Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects," August 31, 2017, https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/ files/elips/documents/3355_-_streamlining_national_environmental_policy_reviews_and_implementation_ of_executive_order_13807_establishing_discipline_and_accountability_in_the_environmental_review_ and_permitting_process_for.pdf (accessed March 16, 2023). .

572. GDA-10066 technologies, identification of opportunities to address supply-chain threats more effectively, and education of colleges and universities about potential threats from Chinese influence efforts on campus. .

573. GDA-10096 Engaging in Zealous Advocacy for and Defense of the Constitution and Lawful Administration Regulations and Policies. .

574. GDA-10131 It is black letter law that no official "can prescribe what shall be orthodox"¦or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein."69 Rather, the First Amendment places "the decision as to what views shall be voiced largely into the hands of each of us, in the hope that use of such freedom will ultimately produce a more capable citizenry and more perfect polity."70 As the Supreme Court has noted, government officials have frequently sought to "coerce uniformity of sentiment in support of some end thought essential to their time and country."71 In the face of such attempts to coerce orthodoxy, the DOJ should maintain its commitment to upholding the Constitution's neutral principles of free speech, which commit the government "to preserve an uninhibited marketplace of ideas in which truth will ultimately prevail."72 Pursuing Equal Protection for All Americans by Vigorously Enforcing Applicable Federal Civil Rights Laws in Government, Education, and the Private Sector. .

575. GDA-10136 This will require particularly close coordination with several key agencies, including such obvious candidates as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; the Departments of Defense, Education, and Housing and Urban Development; and the Securities and Exchange Commission. .

576. GDA-10140 The Civil Rights Division should spend its first year under the next Administration using the full force of federal prosecutorial resources to investigate and prosecute all state and local governments, institutions of higher education, corporations, and any other private employers who are engaged in discrimination in violation of constitutional and legal requirements. .

577. GDA-10248 From IT infrastructure to management functions to public relations, DOJ leadership should explore consolidation and intradepartmental efficiencies to obtain the best possible support for its critical missions. .

578. GDA-10443 69. West Virginia State Board of Education v. .

579. GDA-10449 71. West Virginia State Board of Education v. .

580. GDA-10688 Roughly 60 million Americans across all income groups, ages, education levels, races, and household types participate in independent work, including full-time, part-time, or as a "side hustle." People choose independent work for a variety of reasons, including flexibility, earnings potential, and the desire to be one's own boss. .

581. GDA-10715 Overtime requirements may discourage employers from offering certain fringe benefits such as reimbursement for education, childcare, or even free meals because the benefits' value may be included in the "regular rate" that must be paid at 150 percent for all overtime hours. .

582. GDA-10751 EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING Apprenticeships. .

583. GDA-10758 l Congress should expand apprenticeship programs outside of the RAP model, re-creating the IRAP system by statute and allowing approved entities such as trade associations and educational institutions to recognize and oversee apprenticeship programs. .

584. GDA-10772 The federal government spends more than $100 billion per year subsidizing higher education but close to zero supporting people on non-college pathways. .

585. GDA-10776 Funding for employer grants should come from existing higher education subsidies that are currently disadvantaging alternative education options. .

586. GDA-10783 Today, federal civil service job descriptions must "be based on the specific skills and competencies required to perform those jobs," and may prescribe a "minimum educational requirement" only if it is otherwise legally required. .

587. GDA-10890 If a union is recognized as a collective bargaining agent, then employees may not decertify it or substitute another union for it for at least one year under federal law (the "certification bar"). .

588. GDA-10891 Similarly, when a union reaches a collective bargaining agreement with an employer, it is immune from a decertification election for up to three years (the "contract bar"). .

589. GDA-10892 A typical consequence of these rules is that employees must often wait four years before they are allowed a chance at decertification. .

590. GDA-10893 Employees then have only a 45-day window to file a decertification petition; if the employer and union sign a successor contract, then the contract bar comes into play once again --- meaning employees with an interest in decertification must wait another three years. .

591. GDA-10895 NLRB should eliminate the contract bar rule so that employees with an interest in decertification have a reasonable chance to achieve their goal. .

592. GDA-11103 Improve Visa-Related Labor-Market Monitoring DOL's Office of Foreign Labor Certification plays an important role in the approval of H-visa applications, but it is currently housed in the Employment and Training Administration, which is DOL's primary grant-making division. .

593. GDA-11177 DOT provides approximately $50 billion in discretionary and formula grants, known as obligations, annually in areas ranging from transit systems to road construction to universities and has lent or subsidized more than $60 billion since the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) program,3 now managed by the Build America Bureau, was created in 1998. .

594. GDA-11179 It also removes incentives for state and local officials to ensure that investments are worthwhile, because federal money removes the need to get public buy-in to build and maintain infrastructure projects as funding becomes "someone else's money." Despite the department's tremendous resources, congressional mandates and funding priorities have made it difficult for DOT to focus on the pressing transportation challenges that most directly affect average Americans, such as the high cost of personal automobiles, especially in an era of high inflation; unpredictable and expensive commercial shipping by rail, air, and sea; and infrastructure spending that does not match the types of transportation that most Americans prefer. .

595. GDA-11183 The Office of the Secretary contains its own grantmaking operation that funds research and some special grants, as well as a major lending operation, the Build America Bureau, that functions as an infrastructure bank. .

596. GDA-11189 It is vital to consider the role of user fees and other pricing innovations with regard to transportation infrastructure. .

597. GDA-11204 BUILD AMERICA BUREAU The Build America Bureau (BAB) resides within the Office of the Secretary and describes itself as "responsible for driving transportation infrastructure development projects in the United States."5 This lofty-sounding goal in practice means that the Bureau serves as the point of contact for distributing funds for transportation projects in the form of subsidized 30-year loans. .

598. GDA-11212 l A cost-benefit analysis of the federal government's potential replacement and disintermediation of the private financing sector regarding infrastructure loans, which is not currently performed, should be conducted on a regular basis. .

599. GDA-11213 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS Much infrastructure could be funded through public-private partnerships (P3s), a procurement method that uses private financing to construct infrastructure. .

600. GDA-11218 If the value-for-money study finds that the efficiencies of a P3 and the value of risk shifted to the private sector exceed the additional financing costs, then utilizing a P3 is good public policy because Americans have better infrastructure at a lower cost. .

601. GDA-11220 Specifically, they: l Provide access to some of the world's best talent with vast experience in delivering infrastructure, l Create incentives for innovation and creativity, l Shift unique project risks to companies that are familiar with those risks, and l Allow designers, contractors, and maintenance teams to work together through the delivery of the process to focus on lifecycle costs as opposed to just initial design and construction costs. .

602. GDA-11226 It is important to remember that all funding for governmental infrastructure comes from either taxes or user fees. .

603. GDA-11294 And the faster deployment of EVs will put a major strain on America's vulnerable power grid, requiring large investments in critical infrastructure and a big boost in the nation's electricity production, including from gas-fired and oil- fired power plants. .

604. GDA-11310 The variety of infrastructure projects now eligible for funding through the FHWA include ferryboat terminals, hiking trails, bicycle lanes, and local sidewalks. .

605. GDA-11319 l Reduce the amount of federal involvement in local infrastructure decisions. .

606. GDA-11383 The agency needs safety and certification experts, not professional airframe and powerplant mechanics (A&Ps). .

607. GDA-11403 One peer-reviewed study for the Hudson Institute by scholar Robert Poole identified the ATO's underlying problems as including an overly cautious culture, a growing lack of technological and managerial expertise, the inability to finance major capital projects with revenue bonds, and overdependence on aerospace/defense contractors.12 All of these problems are interrelated. .

608. GDA-11424 Regrettably, the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act13 authorized tens of billions of dollars for the expansion of transit systems even as Americans were moving away from them and into personal vehicles. .

609. GDA-11455 l FRA will be proposing certification requirements for dispatchers and signal employees despite the failure of the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee (RSAC) to identify any safety benefit. .

610. GDA-11464 Merchant Marine,"15 which is important both to national defense and to foreign and domestic commerce. .

611. GDA-11469 Furthermore, MARAD has responsibilities both in peacetime commerce and operationally in wartime/crisis sealift through its responsibility to manage the National Defense Reserve Fleet and 45-ship Ready Reserve Force for the U.S. .

612. GDA-11474 Merchant Marine Academy) should be transferred to the Department of Defense (if the Coast Guard is located there because DHS has been eliminated) or to the Department of Homeland Security. .

613. GDA-11480 fleet capacity in the absence of the Jones Act, it would be possible to do so through an expansion of the Defense Reserve Fleet. .

614. GDA-11546 3684, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Public Law No. .

615. GDA-11596 In sum, the VA for the foreseeable future will experience significant fiscal, human capital, and infrastructure crosswinds and risks. .

616. GDA-11623 3. Section 121 (developing and administering an education program that teaches veterans about their health care options available from the Department of Veterans Affairs). .

617. GDA-11628 Budget l Conduct an independent audit of the VA similar to the 2018 Department of Defense (DOD) audit to identify IT, management, financial, contracting, and other deficiencies. .

618. GDA-11629 l Assess the misalignment of VHA facilities and rising infrastructure costs. .

619. GDA-11633 In 2018, Congress authorized an Asset Infrastructure Review (AIR) of national VHA medical markets to provide insight into where the VA health care budget should be responsibly allocated to serve veterans most effectively. .

620. GDA-11635 The next Administration should seek out agile, creative, and politically acceptable operational solutions to this aging infrastructure status quo, reimagine the health care footprint in some locales, and spur a realignment of capacity through budgetary allocations. .

621. GDA-11658 The VA's EHR rollout has been blocked by technical delays at local facilities where personnel have raised safety concerns and infrastructure has not been modernized to accept the new system. .

622. GDA-11764 Section Four THE ECONOMY The next Administration must prioritize the economic prosperity of ordinary Americans. .

623. GDA-11777 He writes, "Trade policy can and must play an essential role in an American manufacturing and defense industrial base renaissance," which he says is crucial to our country's future. .

624. GDA-11779 Second, China's "economic aggression" in the form of "tariffs, nontariff barriers, dumping, counterfeiting and piracy, and currency manipulation" further weakens our "manufacturing and defense industrial base even as the fragility of globally dispersed supply chains has been brought into sharp relief by the COVID-19 pandemic." In contrast to Lassman, Navarro thinks that "trade deficits matter a great deal." He writes that "offshoring not only suppresses the real wages of American blue-collar workers and denies millions of Americans the opportunity to climb up the rungs of the ladder to the middle class," but it also "raises the specter of a manufacturing and defense industrial base that, unlike our experience in World Wars I and II, will not be able to provide the weapons and matΓ©riel that would be needed should America enter another major world war." Also, China controls "much of the world's pharmaceutical production and supply chains." It is therefore essential, he writes, that our trade policy be guided by "the principle of reciprocity," whereby we coax other countries into lowering their trade barriers if possible and raise ours as necessary. .

625. GDA-11781 China's goal, Navarro says, is "to shift the world's manufacturing and supply chains" to its soil, thereby strengthening its "defense industrial base and associated warfighting capabilities." He writes, "Every year, more than 300,000 Communist Chinese nationals attend U.S. .

626. GDA-11871 Free and fair trade is impossible without energetic enforcement of existing agreements and without strong defense against dumping and illegal subsidies. .

627. GDA-11904 defense industrial base and the health of global manufacturing. .

628. GDA-11921 Furthermore, permanent standing teams should be established and staffed by properly aligned political appointees and trusted career staff to analyze and spur action on the following priority policy issues: l Strategic decoupling from China; l Defense industrial base strength; l Critical supply chains (e.g., pharmaceuticals, medical devices, food); and l Emerging technologies (e.g., rare earth minerals, semiconductors, batteries, artificial intelligence, quantum computing). .

629. GDA-11944 This technology transfer on a massive scale has occurred because of adversaries' exploitation of the U.S.'s open economy and education system through both commercial transactions and university and government research programs. .

630. GDA-11969 Currently, if the Departments of Defense, State, Commerce, and Energy disagree on an export license decision, the disagreement may be escalated to the Operating Committee --- and subsequently to the Advisory Committee on Export Policy led by BIS's Assistant Secretary for Export Administration. .

631. GDA-11972 Each agency should have one equal vote and, if a licensing dispute remains unresolved, the final decision should be elevated to the National Security Advisor and the Secretaries of Defense, State, Commerce, and Energy. .

632. GDA-12181 The Minority Business Development Act of 2021 was signed into law as part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. .

633. GDA-12255 First and foremost, widespread deployment of infrastructure is needed for 5G adoption in rural and exurban areas, which will be a key factor in future economic competitiveness for these under-served communities. .

634. GDA-12303 For a clear statement of Treasury's mission drift, one need look no further than Secretary Yellen's introduction in the Treasury Department's Fiscal Year 2022-2026 Strategic Plan: We will have to address the structural problems that have plagued our economy for decades: the decline in labor force participation, income and racial inequality, and serious underinvestment in crucial public goods like childcare, education, and physical infrastructure. .

635. GDA-12305 Treasury securities market, effectively manage federal fiscal operations, strengthen financial institutions and markets, promote access to credit, and improve financial access and education in service of America's long-term economic strength and stability.4 [2023] Domestic Finance works to support equitable and sustainable economic growth and financial stability through policies to increase the resilience of financial institutions and markets and financial wellbeing of consumers, and to increase access to credit for small businesses and low-to- moderate income communities.5 TREASURY DEPARTMENT ORGANIZATION The Treasury Department is one of the few executive agencies recognized in the U.S. .

636. GDA-12335 In addition to performing public outreach, treasurers have at times headed Treasury's financial education program and overseen the U.S. .

637. GDA-12389 Deductions related to educational expenses should be repealed. .

638. GDA-12472 The budget should be balanced by driving down federal spending while maintaining a strong national defense and not raising taxes. .

639. GDA-12505 Congress should make the Department of Defense (DOD) a CFIUS co-chair with the Department of Treasury. .

640. GDA-12609 businesses to export opportunities by funding project planning activities, pilot projects, and reverse-trade missions while creating sustainable infrastructure and economic growth in partner countries. .

641. GDA-12646 12. William M (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Public Law 116-283, §§ 6001-6511. .

642. GDA-12774 McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law 115-232. .

643. GDA-12784 57. Federal Housing Finance Agency, "Single Security Initiative and Common Securitization Platform," https:// www.fhfa.gov/PolicyProgramsResearch/Policy/Pages/Securitization-Infrastructure.aspx (accessed March 20, 2023). .

644. GDA-13410 The programs are largely duplicative of private, state and local government, and educational system offerings.31 l A push to expand direct government lending.32 THE SBA IN A CONSERVATIVE ADMINISTRATION Reforming and restructuring the SBA under a conservative Administration would meet the needs of America's small-business owners and entrepreneurs, not special interests in Washington, D.C. .

645. GDA-13684 Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel "Religious Restrictions on Capital Financing for Historically Black Colleges and Universities," Memorandum Opinion for the Acting General Counsel, Department of Education, August 15, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/ attachments/2021/01/01/2019-08-15-hbcu-capfin-2.pdf. .

646. GDA-13737 74. Press release, "Luetkeymeyer: SBA Lacks Infrastructure and Expertise to Expand Number of Small Business Lending Companies," Committee on Small Business, U.S. .

647. GDA-13744 To maintain that global positioning --- and thereby best protect the homeland and our own democratic institutions --- it is critical that the United States strengthen its manufacturing and defense industrial base at the same time that it increases the reliability and resilience of its globally dispersed supply chains. .

648. GDA-13746 Trade policy can and must play an essential role in an American manufacturing and defense industrial base renaissance. .

649. GDA-13758 Both the unfair, unbalanced, and nonreciprocal trade institutionalized by the WTO and Communist China's economic aggression are weakening America's manufacturing and defense industrial base even as the fragility of globally dispersed supply chains has been brought into sharp relief by the COVID-19 pandemic with its associated lockdowns and other disruptions and by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. .

650. GDA-13766 These trade deficit statistics implicitly measure the large amounts of America's manufacturing and defense industrial base and supply chains that have been offshored to foreign lands. .

651. GDA-13767 Such offshoring not only suppresses the real wages of American blue-collar workers and denies millions of Americans the opportunity to climb up the rungs of the ladder to the middle class, but also raises the specter of a manufacturing and defense industrial base that, unlike our experience in World Wars I and II, will not be able to provide the weapons and matΓ©riel that would be needed should America enter another major world war or seek to assist a major ally like Europe, Japan, or Taiwan. .

652. GDA-13880 TABLE 4Trade Defi cit Reductions for Target CountriesA heritage.org Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustryAdverse Administrative Approvals and Licensing Processes%%% Anti-monopoly Law Extortion%%%% Bid-Rig Foreign Government Procurement Contracts%%% "Brand Forcing" --- Forced Use of Chinese Brands% Burdensome and Intrusive Testing%%% Chinese Communist Party Co- opts Corporate Governance%%% Chinese Nationals as Non-Traditional Information Collectors%%%% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 1 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustryClaim Sovereign Immunity on US Soil to Prevent Litigation% Consolidate State- Owned Enterprises into National Champions%%%%%% Counterfeiting and Piracy Steals Intellectual Property%%% Currency Manipulation and Undervaluation%%% Cyber-Enabled Espionage and Theft%%%% Data Localization Mandates%%% "Debt-Trap" Financing to Developing Countries%% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 2 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustryDelays in Regulatory Approvals%%% Discriminatory Catalogues and Lists%%% Discriminatory Patent and Other IP Rights Restrictions%%%% Dumping Below Cost Into Foreign Markets%%% Evasion of US Export Control Laws%% Expert Review Panels Force Disclosure of Proprietary Information%%% Export Restraints Restrict Access to Raw Materials%%%%% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 3 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustryFinancial Support to Boost Exports and Promote Import Substitution%%%% Forced Research and Development ("R&D Localization") %% Foreign Ownership Restrictions Force Technology and IP Transfer%%% Government Procurement Restrictions% Indigenous Technology Standards%%% "Junk Patent" Lawsuits% Lack of Transparency% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 4 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustryLax and Inconsistent Labor Laws%%% Monopsony Purchasing Power%% Move the Regulatory Goalposts%%% Open Source Collection of Science and Technology Information%% Overcapacity Drives Out Foreign Rivals%%% Physical Theft of Technologies and IP Through Economic Espionage%%%% Placement of Chinese Employees with Foreign Joint Ventures% Price Controls to Restrict Imports% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 5 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense Industry"Product Hop" and "Country Hop" to Evade Antidumping and Countervailing Duties%% Promise Cooperation on Regional Security Issues as Bargaining Chip%%% Quotas and Tari -Rate Quotas% Recruitment of Science Technology Business and Finance Talent%%% Retaliation and Retaliatory Threats%%%% Reverse Engineering%% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 6 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustrySanitary and Phytosanitary Standards Raise Non- Tari Barriers%%% Secure and Controllable Technology Standards%%% Security Reviews Force Technology and IP Transfer%% Structuring Transactions to Avoid CFIUS Review of Chinese Investment in the US %% Subsidized Factor Inputs --- Capital Energy Utilities and Land%% Tari s% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 7 of 8) Chinas Acts Policies and Practices of Economic AggressionProtect Chinas Home Market from Competition and ImportsExpand China's Share of Global MarketsSecure and Control Core Natural Resources GloballyDominate Traditional Manufacturing IndustriesAcquire Key Technologies and IP from Other Countries and the US Capture Emerging High-Tech Industries that Drive Future Growth and Advancements in Defense IndustryTechnology-Seeking State-Directed Foreign Direct Investment%%% Traditional Spycraft%%% Transship to Evade Antidumping and Countervailing Duties% Value-Added Tax Adjustments and Rebates Subsidize Chinese Exports%% Weak and Laxly Enforced Environmental Laws%% TABLE 5Communist China's Categories of Economic Aggression (Page 8 of 8) SOURCE: White House O ce of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, How China's Economic Aggression Threatens the Technologies and Intellectual Property of the United States and the World, June 2018, https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2018/06/FINAL-China-Technology-Report-6.18.18-PDF.pdf (accessed March 21, 2023).A heritage.org reduction in the U.S. .

653. GDA-13908 The Chinese Communist Party's policy goal is to propel the Chinese economy, but its broader goal is to strengthen Communist China's defense industrial base and associated warfighting capabilities. .

654. GDA-13936 These laws are designed to prevent the export of sensitive technologies with military applications.24 However, a significant problem facing agencies like the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and State is the growth of "dual-use" technologies, which have both military and civilian utility. .

655. GDA-13947 To put this in perspective, according to the Chinese Ministry of Education, only 20,000 American nationals were studying abroad at Chinese universities on the mainland in 2018.25 These Chinese nationals --- often members (or the sons and daughters of members) of the Chinese Communist Party --- now account for approximately one-third of foreign university and college students in the United States and about 25 percent of graduate students specializing in science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM).26 As a Defense Innovation Unit Experimental (DIUx) report has warned: Academia is an opportune environment for learning about science and technology since the cultural values of U.S. .

656. GDA-13948 educational institutions reflect an open and free exchange of ideas. .

657. GDA-13954 Such American research has accelerated Communist China's development of hypersonic glide vehicles, which travel at speeds in excess of Mach 5 and are aimed at evading modern ballistic missile defense systems while they deliver their nuclear weapons. .

658. GDA-13968 If the past is prologue, and as we learned during the Trump Administration, any further negotiations with Communist China are likely to be both fruitless and dangerous: fruitless because the CCP now has a very well-established reputation for bargaining in bad faith and dangerous because as long as the CCP's aggression continues, it will further weaken America's manufacturing and defense industrial base and global supply chains. .

659. GDA-14025 Rather, it is over whether our borders should be open or secure and whether it is prudent to offshore our manufacturing and defense industrial base and associated supply chains. .

660. GDA-14064 manufacturing and defense-industrial base. .

661. GDA-14065 In this scenario, might America thereby lose a broader war for America's freedom and prosperity, not by shots fired but by American cash registers ringing up "Made in China" products? Might America even lose a broader hot war because it sent its defense industrial base abroad on the wings of a persistent trade deficit? It follows that for both economic and national security reasons, trade deficits do indeed matter. .

662. GDA-14082 Finally, and perhaps surprisingly, the Secretary of Defense plays a key role in trade policy, at least when it comes to advancing Section 232 cases. .

663. GDA-14083 Under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962,40 the President has the authority, through tariffs or other means, to reduce imports from other countries "if the President determines that such reduction or elimination would threaten to impair the national security." As a practical matter, the Secretary of Commerce spearheads any Section 232 cases, but in order to proceed with a Section 232 case, Commerce must obtain signoff from the Secretary of Defense. .

664. GDA-14085 However, Secretary of Defense James Mattis resisted. .

665. GDA-14091 Ignoring these two challenges will simply continue the parasitic draining of the American manufacturing and defense industrial base. .

666. GDA-14372 An $800 billion defense budget has plenty of room to maintain a Navy to defend American security interests around the world. .

667. GDA-14494 Traditional Cabinet-level bureaucracies like those at the Departments of Defense, State, and Commerce will need to work together to pursue a comprehensive American strategy. .

668. GDA-14579 Department of State, "Fact Sheet: Activity at the Wuhan Institute of Virology," January 15, 2021, https://2017-2021.state.gov/fact-sheet-activity-at-the-wuhan-institute-of-virology/index.html (accessed February 25, 2023); Interim Report, An Analysis of the Origins of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Minority Oversight Staff, Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, U.S. .

669. GDA-14584 Department of Defense, December 18, 2017, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1399392/ trump-announces-new-whole-of-government-national-security-strategy/ (accessed February 26, 2023). .

670. GDA-14611 25. Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China, "Statistics on Studying in China in 2018," http://www.moe. .

671. GDA-14614 Innovation, Updated with 2016 and 2017 Data," Defense Innovation Unit Experimental (DIUx), January 2018, https://admin.govexec. .

672. GDA-14616 The DIUx describes itself as "the only DOD Organization focused on accelerating the adoption of commercial and dual- use technology to solve operational challenges at speed and scale." Defense Innovation Unit Experimental, "About," https://www.diu.mil/ (accessed February 25, 2023). .

673. GDA-14743 Section Five INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES In addition to the executive departments and agencies discussed previously, a number of independent commissions exist that are loosely affiliated with the executive branch. .

674. GDA-14776 ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPITAL FORMATION Financial regulators should remove regulatory impediments to entrepreneurial capital formation.11 In the absence of the fundamental reform outlined above, the SEC should: l Simplify and streamline Regulation A (the small issues exemption)12 and Regulation CF (crowdfunding)13 and preempt blue sky registration and qualification requirements for all primary and secondary Regulation A offerings.14 l Either democratize access to private offerings by broadening the definition of accredited investor for purposes of Regulation D or eliminate the accredited investor restriction altogether.15 l Allow traditional self-certification of accredited investor status for all Regulation D Rule 506 offerings. .

675. GDA-14846 In 2015, for example, Investor's Business Daily accused the CFPB of "diverting potentially millions of dollars in settlement payments for alleged victims of lending bias to a slush fund for poverty groups tied to the Democratic Party" and planning "to create a so-called Civil Penalty Fund from its own shakedown operations targeting financial institutions" that would use "ramped-up (and trumped-up) anti-discrimination lawsuits and investigations" to "bankroll some 60 liberal nonprofits, many of whom are radical Acorn-style pressure groups."34 The CFPB has a fiscal year (FY) 2023 budget of $653.2 million35 and 1,635 full- time equivalent (FTE) employees.36 From FY 2012 through FY 2020, it imposed approximately $1.25 billion in civil money penalties;37 in FY 2022, it imposed approximately $172.5 million in civil money penalties.38 These penalties are imposed by the CFPB Civil Penalty Fund, described as "a victims relief fund, into which the CFPB deposits civil penalties it collects in judicial and administrative actions under Federal consumer financial laws."39 The CFPB is headed by a single Director who is appointed by the President to a five-year term.40 Its organizational structure includes five divisions: Operations; Consumer Education and External Affairs; Legal; Supervision, Enforcement and Fair Lending; and Research, Monitoring and Regulations.41 Each of these divisions reports to the Office of the Director, except for the Operations Division, which reports to the Deputy Director. .

676. GDA-14850 The CFPB collects fines from the private sector that are put into the Civil Penalty Fund.42 The fund serves two ostensible purposes: to compensate the victims whom the CFPB perceives to be harmed and to underwrite "consumer education" and "financial literacy" programs.43 How the Civil Penalty Fund is spent is at the discretion of the CFPB Director. .

677. GDA-14851 The CFPB has been unclear as to how it decides what "consumer education" or "financial literacy programs" to fund.44 As noted, critics have charged that money from the Civil Penalty Fund has ended up in the pockets of leftist activist organizations. .

678. GDA-15017 43. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, "Civil Penalty Fund: Consumer Education and Financial Literacy," https://www.consumerfinance.gov/enforcement/payments-harmed-consumers/civil-penalty-fund/consumer- education-financial-literacy/ (accessed March 23, 2023). .

679. GDA-15057 28 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Brendan Carr MISSION STATEMENT The FCC should promote freedom of speech, unleash economic opportunity, ensure that every American has a fair shot at next-generation connectivity, and enable the private sector to create good-paying jobs through pro-growth reforms that support a diversity of viewpoints, ensure secure and competitive communications networks, modernize outdated infrastructure rules, and represent good stewardship of taxpayer dollars. .

680. GDA-15078 Second, it has preempted state and local siting and permitting laws that could otherwise slow down the buildout of next-generation infrastructure. .

681. GDA-15192 The current Administration has appropriated a lot of money for broadband infrastructure projects, but it has failed to pair that spending with reforms that free more airwaves for wireless connectivity or streamline the permitting processes for broadband builds. .

682. GDA-15194 It is time for a return to the successful spectrum and infrastructure policies that prevailed during the Trump Administration --- policies that enabled the U.S. .

683. GDA-15215 l Modernize infrastructure rules. .

684. GDA-15217 Because of outdated permitting rules, it cost too much and took too long to build wireless infrastructure, so the FCC went to work. .

685. GDA-15223 In fact, infrastructure builds accelerated at a record pace after those reforms. .

686. GDA-15226 The FCC has not engaged in any similar infrastructure reforms in recent years, and there is much more that needs to be done. .

687. GDA-15228 The FCC should now explore similar action for the deployment of other wired infrastructure by imposing limits on the fees that local and state governments can charge for reviewing those wireline applications and time restrictions on the government's decision-making process. .

688. GDA-15229 The next Administration should also work to address the delays that continue to persist when it comes to building Internet infrastructure on federal lands. .

689. GDA-15244 At the same time, the dramatic recent increases in funding through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act mean that the federal government has more than enough resources to meet its broadband connectivity goals. .

690. GDA-15246 To that end, the next Administration should instruct the various departments and agencies that are administering broadband infrastructure funds to direct those resources to communities without adequate Internet infrastructure instead of to places that already enjoy broadband connectivity. .

691. GDA-15248 Rather than directing those dollars to the rural and other communities that have no Internet infrastructure, the current Administration gave the green light for recipients to spend those funds to overbuild existing high-speed networks in communities that already have multiple broadband providers. .

692. GDA-15251 Hundreds of billions of infrastructure dollars have been appropriated by Congress or budgeted by agencies over the past couple of years that can be used to end the digital divide. .

693. GDA-15398 When private plaintiffs then sued the FEC for failing to take action, Democrat commissioners refused to authorize the defense of the FEC in litigation as a way of circumventing the prior final action of the FEC and the FECA four-vote requirement to authorize an enforcement action. .

694. GDA-15570 Singer, that the psychiatric profession has yet to designate "internet addiction" or "social media addiction" as a mental disorder in the authoritative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR).21 These conservatives also maintain that calling for regulation undermines conservatives' calls for parental empowerment on education or vaccines as well as personal parenting responsibility. .

695. GDA-15574 Limited-government conservatives would prefer the FTC play an educational role instead. .

696. GDA-15575 That might include best practices or educational programs to empower parents online. .

697. GDA-15770 Feulner The idea of Mandate for Leadership was first conceived in the fall of 1979 at a Heritage Foundation board of trustees meeting when former Treasury Secretary Bill Simon and former General Services Administration Administrator Jack Eckerd discussed the predicament they had faced when they first joined a new, more conservative presidential Administration: They received no practical plans on how to move their part of the federal bureaucracy to reflect a more conservative policy direction other than vague exhortations to promote free markets; smaller, more efficient government; and a stronger national defense. .

698. GDA-15772 The discussion became quite animated as these Heritage board members recalled transitioning to government positions from their former lives in the private sector --- moving their families, finding new homes, and uprooting their children's education while they assumed new responsibilities in a very different environment. .

699. GDA-15776 Task forces of knowledgeable volunteers were formed with specific expertise in the whole range of policy issues --- from welfare reform to national defense reform. .

700. GDA-15782 The recommendations ranged from internal bureaucratic reorganizations to plans to implement specific, fundamental changes in every imaginable policy area --- from tax and regulatory reform to strengthening national defense to reforming social programs. .

701. GDA-15797 It also prioritized veterans' care and rebuilt our national defenses. .

702. GDA-15834 That's why today, Heritage President Kevin Roberts, Project 2025 Director Paul Dans, the whole Heritage team, more than 50 organizations, and more than 360 experts from throughout the conservative movement have come together to continue the Mandate for Leadership tradition of creating policy solutions to solve the biggest issues facing America --- solutions based on the core principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense. .

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Save Metrics with analysis run Project-2025_MFL_FULL-SpecialCharFix.txt 07/14/024 10:12:54 Appended Metrics File

Total Lines: 15842 Blank Lines: Non Blank Lines: 15842 Imperatives: 539 Shalls: 31 Wills: 519 IsReq:

Message: These metrics are what allow you to compare different documents and different analysis runs. Consider moving the numbers into a spreadsheet for visualization. Counts of Shalls, Wills, IsReq, and Imperatives are hardcoded into the tool. You have the ability to enter a Norm value, which can be surfaced after multiple analysis sessions.

Item	Risk	Count	Children	% lines	% imperative	% shall	% will	% isreq	% Norm
Certifications s21s		18		0.11	3.33	58.06	3.46
Defense s21s		268		1.69	49.72		51.63
Education s21s		296		1.86	54.91		57.03
Infrastructure s21s		128		0.8	23.74		24.66
Promise s24s		4		0.02	0.74	12.9	0.77
Section Titles s24s		5		0.03	0.92	16.12	0.96
z Mined Objects		702		4.43

Rules Total 7
Rules Triggered 7
Rules Not Triggered
Percent of Rules Triggered 100%

Reading Level Hide

Disabling the noise filter may reduce the reading level. Re-run the report to capture metrics for both instances.

Accessed Unique Words:
Accessed Unique Syllables:
Words with 3+ Syllables:
Polysyllabic Count: 0
Reading Level: No reading level is available. Select any rule option and check: Count Accessed Words or use a Reading Level Service which has checked: Count Accessed Words.

Document Shape Hide

The number of children at a particular level translate to a document shape. There are diffrent document shapes and each have implications. The document shapes are: random, rectangle, pyramid, inverted pyramid, trapazoid and diamond.

There are no child counts. Try disabling all services except for the service that has checked: Count Accessed Words.

Services and Triggered Rule Comments Hide

Taxpayer Needs:

. . . 1. Certifications No Comment Text in this rule.
. . . . . . Rule Summary Name: Certifications Color: GREEN Access Object: Certification\w* Reject Object: \.\.\. Count Accessed Patterns: CHECKED

. . . 2. Defense No Comment Text in this rule.
. . . . . . Rule Summary Name: Defense Color: RED Access Object: Defense Reject Object: \.\.\.|Section \w+ THE COMMON DEFENSE Count Accessed Patterns: CHECKED

. . . 3. Education No Comment Text in this rule.
. . . . . . Rule Summary Name: Education Color: PURPLE Access Object: Education Reject Object: \.\.\. Count Accessed Patterns: CHECKED

. . . 4. Infrastructure No Comment Text in this rule.
. . . . . . Rule Summary Name: Infrastructure Color: BLUE Access Object: Infrastructure Reject Object: \.\.\. Count Accessed Patterns: CHECKED

Sections:

. . . 1. Promise Must use parse option to capture the sections. A different search rule is needed for non-parse option.
. . . . . . Rule Summary Name: Promise Color: BLACK Case Sensitive : CHECKED Access Object: PROMISE \#\d+ Reject Object: \.\.\. Count Accessed Patterns: CHECKED

. . . 2. Section Titles Must use parse option to capture the sections. A different search rule is needed for non-parse option.
. . . . . . Rule Summary Name: Section Titles Color: BLACK Case Sensitive : CHECKED Access Object: Section \w+ TAKING THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT|Section \w+ THE COMMON DEFENSE|Section \w+ THE GENERAL WELFARE|Section \w+ THE ECONOMY|Section \w+ INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES Reject Object: \.\.\. Count Accessed Patterns: CHECKED